Longitudinal in vivo imaging studies characterizing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced large artery vasospasm (LAV) in mice are lacking. We developed a SAH-scoring system to assess SAH severity in mice using micro CT and longitudinally analysed LAV by intravenous digital subtraction angiography (i.v. DSA). Thirty female C57Bl/6J-mice (7 sham, 23 SAH) were implanted with central venous ports for repetitive contrast agent administration. SAH was induced by filament perforation. LAV was assessed up to 14 days after induction of SAH by i.v. DSA. SAH-score and neuroscore showed a highly significant positive correlation (rsp = 0.803, p < 0.001). SAH-score and survival showed a negative significant correlation (rsp = −0.71, p < 0.001). LAV peaked between days 3–5 and normalized on days 7–15. Most severe LAV was observed in the internal carotid (Δmax = 30.5%, p < 0.001), anterior cerebral (Δmax = 21.2%, p = 0.014), middle cerebral (Δmax = 28.16%, p < 0.001) and basilar artery (Δmax = 23.49%, p < 0.001). Cerebral perfusion on day 5 correlated negatively with survival time (rPe = −0.54, p = 0.04). Arterial diameter of the left MCA correlated negatively with cerebral perfusion on day 3 (rPe = −0.72, p = 0.005). In addition, pseudoaneurysms arising from the filament perforation site were visualized in three mice using i.v. DSA. Thus, micro-CT and DSA are valuable tools to assess SAH severity and to longitudinally monitor LAV in living mice.

one limitation of mechanical thrombectomy (Mt) is clot migration during procedure. this might be caused by abruption of the trapped thrombus at the distal access catheter (DAc) tip during stentretriever retraction due to the cylindrical shaped tip of the DAc. Aiming to solve this problem, this study evaluates the proof-of-concept of a new designed funnel-shaped tip, in an experimental in vitro setting. two catheter models, one with a funnel-shaped tip and one with a cylindrical-shaped tip, were compared in an experimental setup. for Mt a self-made vessel model and thrombi generated from pig's blood were used. MT was performed 20 times for each device using two different stent-retrievers, 10 times respectively. For the funnel-shaped model: for both stent-retrievers (Trevo XP ProVue 3/20 mm; Trevo XP ProVue 4/20 mm) MT was successful at first pass in 9/10 (90%), respectively. For the cylindricalshaped model: MT was successful at first pass in 5/10 (50%) with the smaller stent-retriever and in 6/10 (60%) with the larger stent-retriever. The experiments show a better recanalization rate for funnelshaped tips, than for cylindrical-shaped tips. these results are indicating a good feasibility for this new approach, thus the development of a prototype catheter seems reasonable.Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the standard technique in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in large vessel occlusion (LVO). Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated a safe and efficient use of MT in comparison to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) use alone 1-6 .Recently updated international and national guidelines 7,8 recommend MT for patients suffering from acute stroke up to 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, as well as for patients with wake-up strokes with an unknown time window, thus emphasizing the increasing relevance of endovascular treatment. The so-called "big five" 1-5 reports for MT in LVO show a good recanalization rate of 71%. A meta-analysis of 12 studies reports a successful recanalization rate (TICI 2b/3 score) of 81% for MT with stent-retriever in acute M2 occlusion 9 . Different techniques are possible for MT, like Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (ADAPT), Stent-retriever Assisted Vacuum-locked Extraction (SAVE) or primary combined approach (PCA) of an aspiration catheter and stent-retriever 6,10 .Even though MT in combination with IVT is the state-of-the-art treatment for LVO, there are still limitations. Balami et al. 11 report an embolization to new vascular territories in 1-8.6% for most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in 1-12.5% for the non-RCTs. This can be caused by clot migration to proximal vessels during the retraction of the stent-retriever or persistence in the same vessel. Furthermore, the clot can break and dissipate www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ learning algorithms to produce pixel based segmentations are available online 18,19 . Images were further processed and transformed into grayscale images. Then a binary im...

No abstract

No abstract

Bevacizumab (BVZ), a monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been suspected to increase the incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in GBM patients. Intracranial vascular events, such as IS and ICH, were retrospectively analyzed in 364 MRI scans of 82 patients with recurrent GBM (1st/2nd/3rd relapse). Out of these 82 patients, 40 were treated with BVZ (178 scans) in addition to basic treatment, whereas 42 patients matching for age and gender received basic treatment (186 scans). Distribution of typical vascular risk factors between both groups was analyzed retrospectively. In seven out of 82 patients (8%) vascular events were detected in MRI. Four vascular events were recorded in the BVZ-group (3 IS and 1 ICH), and 3 vascular events were found in the Control-group (1 IS and 2 ICH; p > 0.05 between both groups). Likewise, vascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, former vascular event, hyperlipidemia, tobacco consumption and/or hypercholesterolemia) did not differ significantly between both groups. BVZ treatment does not seem to be associated with an increased risk for vascular events in patients with GBM in recurrence.