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Although traffic-borne pollution has been increasing recently in Gaza City (GC), no studies have tackled the issue in a quantitative manner. This study investigated quantitatively the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations in three heavily-trafficked streets (sites X, Y, and Z) in GC, using a locally manufactured device. Measurements were performed during a weekday and a weekend in three specific times, including two rush hours. Green-cover was investigated using the top-down approach for photo interpretation in the selected sites. Furthermore, the awareness of the local population toward greening their streets was tested using two questionnaires. Measured atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ranged between 300 ppm and 900 ppm in all selected sites. Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations were highest in site X and lowest in Y. Green-cover percentage was found to be 2%, 3%, and 8% for sites X, Y, and Z, respectively. Generally, higher levels were detected during the working day compared to those detected during the weekend. Additionally, high atmospheric CO 2 concentrations were detected in streets with reduced green-cover as well as streets with workshops flanked on both sides. The questionnaires' analysis illustrated sound awareness among respondents regarding the researched aspect.

The current study investigates the impact of recharging of partially treated wastewater through an infiltration basin on the groundwater aquifer quality parameters. A monitoring program supported by a geographic information analysis (GIS) tool was used to conduct this study. Groundwater samples from the entire surrounding boreholes located downstream the infiltration basin, in addition to samples from the recharged wastewater coming from the Beit Lahia wastewater treatment (BLWWTP), were monitored and analysed between 2011 and 2014. The analysis was then compared with the available historical data since 2008. Results revealed a groundwater replenishment with the groundwater level increased by 1.0-2.0 m during the study period. It also showed a slight improvement in the groundwater quality parameters, mainly a decrease in TDS, Cl and NO levels by 5.5, 17.1 and 20%, respectively, resulting from the relatively better quality of the recharged wastewater. Nevertheless, the level of boron and ammonium in the groundwater wells showed a significant increase over time by 96 and 100%, respectively. Moreover, the infiltration rate was slowed down in time due to the relatively high level of total suspended solid (TSS) in the infiltrated wastewater.