Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of thyroid gland is the most common preoperative investigation for diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Though various tests like thyroid profile, ultrasonography and radionuclide scan are available, they are used as adjuvant diagnostic modalities. FNAC is simple, easy to perform, non-invasive and cost-effective procedure. Primary aim is to study the spectrum of various thyroid lesions on FNAC. Also, the study is aimed to categorise the thyroid lesions according to the Bethesda system for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (2017).Methods: This is a retrospective observational study carried out in the pathology department at tertiary care academic institute for a period of three years. FNAC was done in a patient with thyroid swelling by non-aspiration technique. Slides were prepared, fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and processed with routine stains.Results: Out of 210 cases, 150 cases (71.42%) were benign lesions, 15 cases (7.14%) were Follicular neoplasm/Suspicious for follicular neoplasm, 14(6.66%) cases were reported as Atypia of undetermined significance, 13 cases (6.19%) were Unsatisfactory/Nondiagnostic, 11 cases (5.2%) were malignant and 7 cases (3.3%) were suspicious for malignancy.Conclusions: FNAC is the most effective tool for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. The Bethesda system is used to categorise the thyroid lesions and helps in better communication between clinicians and pathologists for the best surgical and medical management. The number of benign cases were higher and the number of cases in the category of suspicious for malignancy were lower with female preponderance.

Context: Intraoperative pathological assessment provides valuable information in a patient's diagnosis and management. Touch imprint/crush cytology is simple, rapid, and cost-effective. Also, imprint smears give excellent cytomorphology. Aims: To assess the utility and feasibility of intraoperative cytology technique as a rapid and reliable method for diagnosis and to compare sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy with histopathology. Materials and Methods: Cytology smears were collected intraoperatively from 52 cases of suspected/proven malignancy. From tumors, surgical margins, lymph nodes; crush, imprint, and scrape smears were prepared. Smears were taken from specimens before formalin fixation and stained with rapid ultrafast Papanicolaou stain. The slides were compared with the histopathology report which is the gold standard. Statistical Analysis: Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were used for statistical analysis. Results: Intraoperative cytology report could be given in time for the surgeon to modify margins of resection and the extent of lymph node dissection. It helps the surgeon to modify surgery. The diagnostic test evaluation showed satisfactory results. Conclusion: Intraoperative imprint/crush cytology is a simple, inexpensive, rapid, accurate cytodiagnostic technique in the diagnosis of cancer where frozen section facilities are not available. It can also be used to assess the clearance of surgical margins.

Background: Ductal malignancy is the most common type of breast cancer in women. Present-day non-operative diagnosis of breast lesions comprises "triple assessment" by physical examination, imaging, and pathology. Histopathology is gold standard for the diagnosis of breast lesion. Aim: The present study is done to study the histomorphology of non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions, their clinical aspect and age distribution. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the pathology department at tertiary health care institute from August 2016 to September 2019. The specimen was grossed, processed, sectioned, stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Results: A total 150 cases were studied in two years. Out of 150 cases, 147 were females and three were males. Fibrocystic disease was the common nonproliferative lesion while fibroadenoma was the most common proliferative breast lesion. Most common malignant lesion was invasive duct carcinoma. Conclusion:Benign breast diseases are more common among young women. Fibroadenoma is most common followed by fibrocystic disease. Ductal malignancy is commonly seen in elderly women.