The effectiveness of any herbal medication is dependent on the delivery of effective level of the therapeutically active compounds. Herbosomes are recently introduced herbal formulations that are better absorbed and as a result produce better bioavailability and actions than the conventional botanical extracts. Herbal excipients are non-toxic and compatible they have a major role to play in pharmaceutical formulation. Herbal medicines have been widely used all over the world since ancient times and have been recognized by physicians and patients for their better therapeutic value as they have fewer adverse effects as compared to modern medicines. However, phytotherapeutics needs a scientific approach to deliver the components in a sustained manner to increase patient's compliance and avoid repeated administration. This can be achieved by designing novel drug delivery systems for herbal constituents. Over the last decade, herbal and Ayurvedic drugs has become a subject of world importance, with both medicinal and economical implications. There are number of traditional herbal remedies for the treatment and management of diseases related to teeth, gum and oral hygiene. The aim of the present study is to present overall view of the current strategies adopted for the formulation and application of traditional herbal remedies. This review article summarizes the current data on the effect of natural products like Acacia catechu, Aloe vera, Chamomile, Azadirachata indica, and Glycyrriza glabra on management of various periodontal diseases together with their biological activities.

The antibacterial study revealed that the isolated marine soil actinomycetes by crowded plate method and was identified by MIDI Advance technology (gas chromatographic) method and Thus, the microbes were identified according to their fatty acid sequences. The actinomycetes species were identified as Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces fradiae, and Streptomyces griseoflavus and the antibacterial assay was carried out by well diffusion method. Out of these only Streptomyces rimosus having high antimicrobial potential against Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria. In Gram positive Streptomyces aureus exhibits higher sensitivity followed by Bacillus subtilis where as gram negative bacteria E.Coli was extremely sensitive to the metabolites followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective The Dutch law on youth care (the Youth Act) was implemented from 2015 onwards. One of the government’s aims by implementing this new policy was de-medicalization of youths by separating youth mental healthcare from the rest of the healthcare system. A previous study conducted by our research group showed that prevalence rates of antipsychotic drug prescriptions stabilized among Dutch youth in the period 2005–2015, just before the introduction of the Youth Act. In our study, we aimed to describe antipsychotic drug use among Dutch children aged 0–19 years old before and after implementation of the Youth Act (2010–2019). Methods We analyzed prescription data of 7405 youths aged 0–19 years using antipsychotic drugs between 2010 and 2019, derived from a large Dutch community pharmacy-based prescription database (IADB.nl). Results Prevalence rates of antipsychotic drug use per thousand youths decreased significantly in youths aged 7–12 years old in 2019 compared to 2015 (7.9 vs 9.0 p < 0.05). By contrast, prevalence rates increased in adolescent females in 2019 compared to 2015 (11.8 vs 9.5 p < 0.05). Incidence rates increased significantly in adolescent youths in 2019 compared to 2015 (3.9 vs 3.0 p < 0.05), specifically among adolescent girls (4.2 per thousand in 2019 compared to 3.0 per thousand in 2015). Dosages in milligram declined for the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic drugs during the study period. The mean duration of antipsychotic drug use in the study period was 5.7 (95% CI 5.2–6.2) months. Conclusion Despite the aim of the Youth Act to achieve de-medicalization of youths, no clear reduction was observed in prevalence rates of antipsychotic drugs or treatment duration in all subgroups. Prevalence rates even increased in adolescent females.