The invasion and spread of cancer cells are two of the most notable characteristics of malignant tumors. Recent studies suggest that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to this significant occurrence. It is linked to the absence of the epithelial brow and the presence of mesenchymal facial hair. The aims of the present study were to explore the immunohistochemical staining of vimentin and E-cadherin ex vivo as EMT markers and assess their potential as predictive biomarkers for transitional cell cancer (TCC). In this study, 55 paraffin-embedded biopsies from TCC patients and 10 autopsies that appeared to be normal were included. Immunohistochemistry was used to produce patterns of vimentin and E-cadherin expression. When compared to female patients, the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin significantly increased with increasing age in male patients (> 50 years). In contrast to the considerable rise in vimentin expression in higher grades and stages of the tumor, E-cadherin expression was significantly reduced with tumor stage and grade. The findings of this study reveal that elevated vimentin and reduced E-cadherin are important indicators associated with a poor prognosis for TCC.

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate whether there is a link between HDAC3 expression and clinical characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to detect the oncopotenial role of HCMV in colorectal cancer (CRC). Material and methods: 30 samples of formalin fixed-Paraffin embedded archival tissues were collected from patient suffering of CRC , In addition to 10 samples of free cancer tissue for determine of expression of HDAC3 and CMV by using immunohistochemistry. Results: HDAC3 expression by Immunohisto-chemical (IHC) staining was found in 19 samples (63. 3%) of CRC. While There is no expression of CMV in all samples of CRC and control groups. Conclusion: This study proved HDAC3 expression pattern in CRC, and the findings support HDAC3 as a supplementary marker to known histopathological diagnostic components; it could potentially be used in prognosis and targeted therapy. We also found that there is no correlation of the CMV infection and CRC as a pro-tumorigenic factor.

Finding an applicable clinical biomarker in body fluids can be useful in asthma management.  This study was conducted to support the investigations of probable immunological changes in asthmatic patients that may be useful therapeutic indicators. 61 matching patients and 23 apparently healthy individuals were included. Significant elevation in the level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in asthmatics was found as compared with healthy controls, so as among asthma severity categories. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined 29 ng/ml of serum ECP as the typical cut-off value of significant denotation for differentiation between asthmatic patients and healthy individuals, significant positive linear correlation between both ECP level and also ECP/Eosinophil ratio with clinically estimated asthma severity were observed. The median of serum total IgE and rate of 100 IU/ml overlapped serum total IgE individuals were significantly higher in asthmatics than healthy controls and so as among asthma severity categories, whereas no significant correlation between total serum IgE level and asthma severity was found. According to the results, determination of serum ECP can be considered as a diagnostic tool to distinguish asthma cases, besides it reflects the severity of the disease significantly, whereas calculation of ECP/Eo ratio may be an effective marker in reflecting asthma severity and the activity of eosinophils during the inflammation which may be useful in asthma control and in the assessment of  the disease severity as well as the response to anti-inflammatory therapy, but it has no benefit for diagnosing asthma as no significant differences were recorded between asthmatics and healthy controls.