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Introduction: Dyslipidemia has been noted to play an integral role in the pathogenesis and progression of micro and macrovascular complications in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Lipid profile is the indicators of dyslipidemia. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from November 2014 to October 2015. The study included 300 type 2 diabetic patients belonging to the age group 30-59 years. Personal data and history of co-existing medical conditions were collected by data collection sheet and analyzed. Results: Among 300 study subjects with type 2 DM the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 94% among them 19% had single dyslipidemia and 75% had multiple dyslipidemia. In this study, high level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides(TG) and Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) were found in 47.3%, 76.7% and 41.3% patients respectively. High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were found to be low in 60% patients. Conclusion: The study revealed that dyslipidemia is very common in type 2 diabetic patients and the most common abnormality observed was increased serum TG level followed by decreased HDL-C level. So, patients with type 2 DM should be followed up with serum lipid profile regularly. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 177-179

Introduction:Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is defined as log of TG to HDL-C ratio. People with high AIP have a higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) than those with low AIP. AIP is useful in predicting atherogenecity. Objectives:  To determination of AIP among the study subjects and find out the prevalence of AIP among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from November 2014 to October 2015. The study included 300 type 2 DM patients belonging to the age group 30-60 years. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HDL-C, TG were estimated. The AIP was calculated as log (TG/HDL-C) using the Czech online calculatorof atherogenic risk. Personal data and history of co-existing medical conditions were collected by data collection sheet. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0. Results: Among 300 study subjects the AIP were found in the range of “increased risk” in 298(99.3%) and “low risk” in 02(0.7%). In this study mean FPG was 9.81±3.08 mmol/L and mean AIP was 0.73 ± 0.23A and significant positive correlation between FPG and AIP (r = 0.123, p < 0.05) was observed. Conclusion: The study revealed that AIP is significantly higher in type 2 DM patients. So, patients with type 2 DM should be followed up with AIP regularly. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 204-205

Background : IUI is one of the most frequently and widely used therapeutic modalities to treat various forms of infertility. Achieving pregnancy after IUI is presumably due to increase in the number of highly motile spermatozoa with a high proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa near the site of fertilization. The objectives were to compare the success rates of IUI with that of timed intercourse, compare the success rate of IUI according to the protocols, review methods used to time the IUI with ovulation, identify the factors to determine IUI outcome. Materials and methods : This is a cross sectional prospective study conducted in Surgiscope Fertility Centre, Chattogram, Bangladesh over a period of 21 months from 596 patients who underwent IUI. Multiple variables were selected such patient parameters like age of woman and cause of infertility, parameters related to ovulation induction such as drugs used for COH, number of mature follicles and endometrial thickness and laboratory parameters such as post wash sperm count and type of IUI (Single or double IUI) which were recorded and statistically analysed. Results : The minimum age for females and males were 18 and 19 respectively and the maximum age for females and males were 40 and 66 respectively. The mean age for females was 27.3 +/- 0.4 years and the mean age for males was 35.9 +/- 0.5 years. Another variable was endometrial thickness where the mean was 8.9 mm ± 0.2 mm and median was 8.5 mm. Furthermore, successful pregnancies also depend on total motile sperm count taken post-wash. The total motile sperm count was 29.8 million ± 1.5 million and median was 30 million. Pregnancy rate for total motile sperm count less than 10 million was 8.6%. For women over 28 and total motile sperm count <10 million, the success rate was only 2.7%.Most of the patients who underwent IUI were between the ages of 28-31, which was 175 (29.3%). The successful conception rate for females over the age 28 was 9.6% compared to the whole group at 12%. Among 596 patients, 71 patients (11.91%) had successful conceptions while 525 patients (88.09%) did not. There is a statistically significant relationship between number of IUI cycles completed and the rate of successful pregnancy. There is also a relationship between the number of inseminations and the success rate. Conclusion : IUI is a successful contemporary treatment especially as a good first line invasive treatment for couples with unexplained infertility, male factor infertility, anovulation, female less than 30 years of age. Percentage of actual number of motile sperms appear to have an important impact on outcome. Success rate of conception was also found to be statistically significant in patients with appropriate endometrial thickness. Careful and criteria-based selection of patients along with ovarian stimulation seem to be the ideal model for achieving clinical success in IUI. JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (2) : 26-31