The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify when the ascent of the conus medullaris occurs in human foetuses considering differences in evaluation methods and sample characteristics. Five databases were searched for relevant articles using different combinations of keywords. Article selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. The variables were distributed into four groups according to the gestational age of the specimens: I (13–18 weeks); II (19–25 weeks); III (26–32 weeks); IV (33 weeks to the probable date of birth). Eighteen articles were included. The majority used imaging exams as the evaluation method. Cadaveric dissections were reported in the remaining articles. Only morphological studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant ascent occurs between groups I and III as well as groups II and IV. Despite the considerable heterogeneity among the studies included in the present review, the findings enabled the determination that the conus medullaris reaches its normal birth level by the 26th week. Further analyses should be performed based on nationality and ethnicity to diminish the heterogeneity of the data.
The objective of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of obstetric violence and characterize it according to the socioeconomic profile of patients treated in the public healthcare service in Sergipe. This is an observational study involving women who have given birth in the past 5 years up to the date of the interview. A questionnaire was used, addressing socioeconomic variables and variables related to the childbirth conditions, using Fisher's exact test for the analysis. The results showed a prevalence of 95.53% of obstetric violence. Among these, 90.64% were in the age range of 20-39 years, 71.93% were Christians, 54.97% were of mixed race, 35.09% had completed high school, and 78.36% had an income of less than 2 minimum wages (R$2090) and 88.83% reported the misuse of techniques and procedures. Finally, 62.57% had a normal delivery. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of obstetric violence associated with an income of less than 2 minimum wages and normal delivery and a high prevalence of misuse of procedures.
A violência obstétrica (VO) é um problema de saúde global que diz respeito a situações de maus-tratos à mulher em período reprodutivo. Com o objetivo de identificar a prevalência de VO e tipificar as agressões em maternidades públicas e privadas de Sergipe, o presente estudo transversal foi desenvolvido tendo como público-alvo mulheres frequentadoras do Hospital Universitário de Sergipe. Foram inclusas mulheres que pariram em Sergipe entre 2017 e 2022 e exclusas as menores de 18 anos, que pariram em outro estado ou fora desse período. A VO foi considerada baseando-se na descrição das vítimas e classificada em 7 tipos: física, verbal, psicológica, sexual, social, negligência e uso indevido de técnicas e procedimentos (UIPT). Cálculo de prevalência, Odds-Ratio (OR) e teste de Mann-Whitney foram usados para análise estatística. 337 mulheres estiveram aptas a participar da pesquisa. A prevalência de VO foi de 85,16%, estando presente em 95,53% dos relatos de parto no setor público e 73,42% no particular. Dos tipos de agressão, 76,85% foi UIPT, 60,83% negligência, 46,29% psicológica, 25,82% física, 17,51% sexual, 12,76% verbal e 2,67% social. 70,32% das vítimas sofreram pelo menos 1 tipo de violação. O OR referente a associação de categorias variou entre 1.43 e 22.22. Conclui-se que a VO teve alta prevalência em Sergipe, principalmente através de UIPT e negligência. Os tipos de agressões não ocorreram de forma individualizada, sendo a maior parte das mulheres sofreram até 3 tipos de VO simultaneamente.
A violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher é definida e tem respaldo legal através da Lei Maria da Penha (Lei nº11.340, de 7 de agosto de 2006). É comum que esse tipo de violência seja praticado pelo seu parceiro, sendo o ápice o feminicídio que apresenta uma elevada prevalência no Brasil. De acordo com dados do WHO, no Nordeste a região que mais concentra esses casos é a Zona da Mata em Pernambuco. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o perfil da violência doméstica no Nordeste através dos dados de notificação compulsória do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN) entre 2009 e 2018. O estudo é do tipo observacional e a coleta dos dados ocorreu entre maio e julho de 2020 através da seleção de variáveis da Ficha de Notificação Compulsória de Violência Doméstica, Sexual e Outras Violências Interpessoais. Foram notificados nesse período 180.555 casos de violência doméstica no Nordeste. O maior número de notificações ocorreu em 2018 com 31.268 casos, sendo o tipo predominante a violência física, com 122.684 casos, seguida da violência psicológica/moral com 58.321 casos. O autor da agressão foi o cônjuge em 21,81% dos casos, sendo 45,57% correspondendo a agressão por força corporal/espancamento.
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify when the ascent of the conus medullaris occurs in human foetuses considering differences in evaluation methods and sample characteristics. Five databases were searched for relevant articles using different combinations of keywords. Article selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. The variables were distributed into four groups according to the gestational age of the specimens: I (13 to 18 weeks); II (19 to 25 weeks); III (26 to 32 weeks); IV (33 weeks to the probable date of birth). Eighteen articles were included. The majority used imaging exams as the evaluation method. Cadaveric dissections were reported in the remaining articles. Only morphological studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant ascent occurs between groups I and III as well as groups II and IV. Despite the considerable heterogeneity among the studies included in the present review, the findings enabled the determination that the conus medullaris reaches its normal birth level by the 26th week. Further analyses should be performed based on nationality and ethnicity to diminish the heterogeneity of the data.
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