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We present a combined experimental and modeling study of a direct-flame type solid oxide fuel cell (DFFC). The operation principle of this system is based on the combination of a flame with an SOFC in a simple, no-chamber setup. Experiments were performed using 13-mm-diameter planar SOFCs with Ni-based anode, samaria-doped ceria electrolyte and cobaltite cathode. At the anode, a 7-mm-diameter flat-flame burner provided methane/air rich premixed flames. The cell performance reaches power densities of up to 200 mW/cm2. A detailed analysis of the electrical efficiency is carried out. Observed system efficiencies are below 0.5%. Equilibrium calculations of the flame exhaust gas were performed. From the simulations, both H2 and CO were identified as species that are available as fuel for the SOFC.

To realize high density 3D packaging, various types of interposer including through vias are developed. Although the interposer should have a high wiring density not only horizontally but also vertically, the ability of the conventional interposers to provide high density through vias with a low cost is still quite limited. Copper-filled anodic aluminum oxide has been studied as an alternative interposer material. Stable electrical connection was confirmed with four-wiringlayer substrates. High density vias as fine as 35 μm pitch were realized as a ground-surrounded structure. This coaxial-like via structure was remarkably effective for reducing harmful noise that tends to increase with the increased via density required for high performance systems.

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