We develop a facile process to integrate colloidal silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) with metal electrodes in a single-electron transistor by self-assembly. Gold (Au) surface is modified by an amine-terminated self-assembled monolayer to have a positive potential. All-inorganic boron (B) and phosphorus (P) codoped Si NCs, with a negative surface potential and size-controllability, are selectively adsorbed on an amine-terminated Au surface by electrostatic attraction. We demonstrate the fabrication of SETs consisting of electroless-plated Au nanogap electrodes and codoped Si NCs using this process and observation of clear Coulomb diamonds at 9 K.