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Tadalafil has recently been reported to improve the International Prostatic Symptom Score and total National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Nishino et al., Hinyokika Kiyo 2017 63:101-105). We therefore investigated the effect of tadalafil on chronic pelvic pain, which is a hallmark of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), and the inflammatory changes in two types of rat CP/CPPS model: experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and prostatitis induced by 17β-estradiol treatment combined with castration (hormone/castration-induced prostatitis; HCP)

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