PHP of the biliary epithelium in PBM patients is an important precursor lesion, especially for gallbladder cancer, and the risk becomes greater with age, regardless of the type of pancreatobiliary junction (PBJ) and its location in the biliary tract.

We should pay particular attention to unrecognizable intramucosal spread, especially in markedly atrophied mucosa, when treating small diffuse-type mucosal gastric cancer by local resections such as endoscopic mucosal resection. In addition, because of unrecognizable intramucosal spread, a surgical incision margin of at least 10 mm from the macroscopic margin is indicated.

FLEP is distinctly beneficial for certain types of advanced gastric carcinoma, especially solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and favorable results can be predicted, to a certain extent, on the basis of findings for the material resected after chemotherapy.

We concluded that for both invasive and noninvasive IPMTs, surgical resection was necessary for any MPD or mixed-type IPMTs, and that surgical resection was appropriate for branch-type lesions larger than or equal to 3 cm in diameter, or for lesions smaller than 3 cm showing rapid growth on clinical images.

The Chinese population of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) was investigated regarding female calling, male flight, and male response to synthetic and natural pheromone. Special attention was given to the little studied spring generation. In the spring, (1st) generation females called in the beginning of the night, 19:30‐01:30, and the older females started calling earlier and calling lasted longer. During the summer, (2nd) generation females called in early morning, 03:45–04:50, with a 20 min peak just before sunrise. Pumping rate of the ovipositor ranged between 0.8–1.0 Hz and 1.1–1.2 Hz in spring and summer generation, respectively. Calling longevity of females was 4.7 ± 0.6 days (mean ± SEM) in spring and 3.6 ± 0.6 days in summer, respectively, and females 2–3 days old attracted most males. Synthetic baits (1,3Z,6Z‐9,10‐epoxyheneicosatriene: 3Z,6Z‐9,10‐epoxyheneicosadiene: 9Z,12Z,15Z‐octadecatrienal, at 1:1:8, total 5–6 mg/dispenser) had the same or higher catch than virgin females as baits. A bait with 2 mg loading was not competitive, while a 5 mg bait had good activity even when used during both generations. Change in dose of synthetics (1–3 ×) or number of females (1–6 ×) did not give a clear increase in response, while the coefficient of variation decreased with female number. Smaller sticky traps caught less than Uni‐traps (covered buckets with DDVp as killing agent), while a large cross‐barrier sticky trap caught equal to Uni‐trap but proved impractical. Height of trap placement was important in summer generation, when traps at 4 and 7 m caught 2 × and 4 × more than those at 2 m. The spring generation had a more uniform distribution of catch with height. Light intensity and air temperature affected male flight cativity, with temperature drop at dusk in 1st gen. and light increase at dawn in 2nd gen., repsectively, judged to be the most important for onset of male activity.