Executive SummaryThe Hanford Site in Washington State manages 177 underground storage tanks containing approximately 250,000 m 3 of waste generated during past defense reprocessing and waste management operations. These tanks contain a mixture of sludge, saltcake and supernatant liquids. The insoluble sludge fraction of the waste consists of metal oxides and hydroxides and contains the bulk of many radionuclides such as the transuranic components and 90 Sr. The saltcake, generated by extensive evaporation of aqueous solutions, consists primarily of dried sodium salts. The supernates consist of concentrated (5-15 M) aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium salts. The 177 storage tanks include 149 single-shell tanks (SSTs) and 28 double-shell tanks (DSTs).Ultimately the wastes need to be retrieved from the tanks for treatment and disposal. The SSTs contain minimal amounts of liquid wastes, and the Tank Operations Contractor is continuing a program of moving solid wastes from SSTs to interim storage in the DSTs. The Hanford DST system provides the staging location for waste feed delivery to the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection's (ORP) Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The WTP is being designed and constructed to pretreat and then vitrify a large portion of the wastes in Hanford's 177 underground waste storage tanks.The retrieval, transport, treatment and disposal operations involve the handling of a wide range of slurries. Solids in the slurry have a wide range of particle size, density and chemical characteristics. Depending on the solids concentration the slurries may exhibit a Newtonian or a non-Newtonian rheology.The extent of knowledge of the physical and rheological properties is a key component to the success of the design and implementation of the waste processing facilities. These properties are used in engineering calculations in facility designs. Knowledge of the waste properties is also necessary for the development and fabrication of simulants that are used in testing at various scales. The expense and hazards associated with obtaining and using actual wastes dictates that simulants be used at many stages in the testing and scale-up of process equipment. The results presented in this report should be useful for estimating process and equipment performance and provide a technical basis for development of simulants for testing.The purpose of this document is to provide an updated summary of the Hanford waste characterization data pertinent to safe storage, retrieval, transport and processing operations for both the tank farms and the WTP and thereby identify gaps in understanding and data. Important waste parameters for these operations are identified by examining examples of relevant mathematical models of selected phenomena including: The data sets in (UDS composition and particle density, UDS primary particle size and shape, UDS particle size distributions [PSDs], and estimated particle size and density distributions [PSDDs]) and Poloski et al. (2007) ...

Thymidine Phosphorylase (dThdPase) is the rate-tissues expressed high levels of DPD (median >70 U/mg limiting enzyme that metabolizes 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine protein), while high concentrations of the dThdPase were (5'-dFUrd, doxifluridine), an intermediate metabolite of expressed in esophageal, cervical, breast, and pancreatic capecitabine, to the active drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra), while cancers and hepatoma (median >150 U/mg protein). The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolizes 5-FUra dThdPase/DPD ratio, which was reported to correlate with to an inactive molecule. The susceptibility of tumors to the susceptibility of human cancer xenografts to capecitabine, fluoropyrimidines is reported to correlate with tumor levels was high in esophageal, renal, breast, colorectal, and gastric of these enzymes. To obtain some insight into the tumor cancers (median ratio of > 1.5). In any of these three parameters, types susceptible to fluoropyrimidine therapy, we measured the inter-patient DPD variability for each cancer type was expression levels of these two enzymes in various types of much larger than the DPD variability among cancer types; human cancer tissues (241 tissue samples) by the ELISA highest/lowest ratios for dThdPase, DPD, and dThdPase/DPD methods. DPD exists in all the cancer types studied, such were 10-321, 7-513, and 2-293, respectively. These results as bladder, breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, indicate that measurements of the three parameters, DPD, hepatic, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancers. Among them, dThdPase and dThdPase/DPD, would be useful criteria for the cervical, hepatic, pancreatic, esophageal, and breast cancer selecting cancer patients suitable for fluoropyrimidine therapy rather than for selecting cancer types.

No abstract

The actual testing activities were performed and reported separately in referenced documentation. Because of this, many of the required topics below do not apply and are so noted. Test ObjectivesThis section is not applicable. No testing was performed for this investigation. Test ExceptionsThis section is not applicable. No test specification as well as test exception applies to this investigation as there was no testing was performed. Results and Performance Against Success CriteriaThis section is not applicable. No success criteria were established as there was no testing performed for this investigation. Quality RequirementsSince This report is based on data from testing as referenced. The PNNL assumes that the data from these references has been fully reviewed and documented in accordance with the analysts' QA Programs. PNNL only analyzed data from the referenced documentation. At PNNL, the performed calculations, the documentation and reporting of results and conclusions were performed in accordance with the RPP-WTP Quality Assurance Manual (RPP-WTP-QA-003, QAM). Internal verification and validation activities were addressed by conducting an independent technical review of the final data report in accordance with PNNL procedure QA-RPP-WTP-604. This review verifies that the reported results are traceable, that inferences and conclusions are soundly based, and that the reported work satisfies the Test Specification Success Criteria. This review procedure is part of PNNL's RPP-WTP Quality Assurance Manual). Test ConditionsThe scope of the RWG effort is specified in the approved WTP issue response plan (24590-WTP-PL-ENG-06-0013) and defined in subcontractor change notice (SCN) 007 and Test Specification 24590-PTF-TSP-RT-06-007, Rev 0.Demonstrate the simulant properties used for testing bracket expected actual waste properties. For non-cohesive solids (Phase 1) this includes particle size, solids density, solids concentration, liquid density, and liquid viscosity. For cohesive solids (Phase 2) this includes bulk slurry density, particle size, particle density, slurry rheology (such as consistency and yield stress) and shear strength of settled, aged sediments, as well as settled layer (heel) thickness.Waste received at the WTP will be subject to a feed specification supporting plant design and as agreed to in an Interface Control Document. This report compiles the existing Hanford Tank Farm rheological data addressed in italicized text above and establishes expected ranges for these properties for as-retrieved Hanford Tank Farm wastes. Various processes will be performed on these retrieved wastes which are expected to alter these property ranges from the as-retrieved conditions. Simulant development activities should focus on the expected properties of the waste streams under such processing conditions. v Simulant UseThis section is not applicable. No testing was performed for this investigation.

No abstract