This paper attempts to solve the security problems in communication, consensus-making and authentication of nodes in the Internet of vehicles (IoV) for intelligent transport. Considering the defects of the central node and service complexity in the IoV, the blockchain was integrated with the IoV to create a decentralized mechanism for communication and consensus-making. In the architecture of the blockchain-based IoV, the Byzantine consensus algorithm based on time sequence and gossip protocol is used to complete information communication and consensus authentication, which not only ensures communication security, improves the consensus efficiency of nodes, but also improves the fault tolerance of the algorithm. The experimental results show that our algorithm outshined the traditional authentication method in information security and consensus efficiency of the IoV. The research findings provide a reference solution to the authentication problems in the IoV for intelligent transport.INDEX TERMS Blockchain, consensus algorithm, intelligent transport, Internet of vehicles (IoV).

To overcome the high cost, high risk and poor efficiency of traditional centralized electric energy trading method, this paper proposes an efficient trading mechanism for energy power supply and demand network (EPSDN) based on blockchain smart contract, considering the opening of the sales side market in China. Specifically, the encourage-real-quotation (ERQ) rule was adopted to determine the clearing queue and price, thus smoothing the supply and demand interaction between the EPSDN node. Meanwhile, the blockchain smart contract was introduced into the transaction to form a sealed quotation function, which eliminates the centralization and high cost and solves the poor transparency and trust in traditional transaction. In addition, the transaction efficiency was improved through the construction of an efficient power trading system and a secure trading environment. A case study is given in the end of the paper. Case study shows that the blockchain-based smart contract trading system for the EPSDN can achieve desirable security and effectiveness, and effectively solve the problems of the traditional centralized trading method. The research findings lay solid theoretical and decision-making bases for small-scale transactions in the electric energy market.

The energy power supply and demand network (EPSDN) is difficult to be scheduled in a coordinated manner, due to the fluctuations in intraday power price. To solve the problem, this paper puts forward a blockchain-based spot market transaction model for the EPSDN, with the aim to enhance the intelligence, real-time performance and security of spot power market transactions. Specifically, intraday time-of-use (TOU) pricing mechanisms were introduced to minimize the negative impacts of intraday power price variation on the spot market; the leading influencing factors of spot power market were identified effectively among various factors through factor analysis; multiple purchase plans were optimized by the multi-objective search algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO), enabling the seller to optimize the purchase plan when multiple suppliers are available under the relaxation of control over direct power trading. On this basis, the real-time property of the transaction information was guaranteed through EPSDN-based information exchange. The case analysis shows that our transaction model outperformed the traditional centralized transaction model in transaction efficiency and security. The research findings shed new light on the operation of spot power market under partial decentralization.