The object of this study is the regularity of changes in the biogenic destructive effect of microorganisms on the concrete structural elements of livestock facilities due to the use of the original liquid phase mixture of disinfectant based on aldehyde and surfactant. Microorganisms use construction materials as a substrate for growth and nutrition; they produce citric acid, which leads to a change in the composition and morphology of hydrated cement new formations. The composition of the microflora of the pigsty has been determined, and the minimum concentration of disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride was found. By the TPD MS method, a decrease in the intensity of carbon dioxide (CO2) release in concrete samples during the heating of the sample to 900 °C was proved, compared to the control intact corrosion sample. Electron microscopy of concrete samples shows the presence of destructive changes and colonies of micromycetes. It was established that calcite was intensively released in the control sample of concrete, which retained its integrity and was not subjected to corrosion when heated to a temperature of 600 °C. Electron microscopy confirms the preservation of the homogeneous structure of concrete. The use of a disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at a concentration of 1 % destroys colonies of micromycetes, 2 % – the shell of microorganisms, and 3 % – biofilm. Treatment of concrete with a disinfectant at a concentration of 3 % destroys microorganisms Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium oxalicum, inhibits the process of biological corrosion of concrete, and strengthens the structure of concrete. The results of the experiment can be applied to inhibit the corrosion of concrete and extend the life of building structures made of concrete through the use of a disinfectant based on aldehyde and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at a concentration of 3 %.

The article presents the results of epizootological monitoring of ASF among domestic pigs of pig-breeding complexes and the private sector in the Sumy region from 2019 to 2021, and summarizes statistical materials regarding the outbreaks of the disease since the introduction of the virus into Ukraine. The relevance of the method used in the Sumy regional state laboratory of the State Service for Food Safety and Consumer Protection to diagnose African swine fever and its effectiveness in conducting diagnostic studies for the prevention of contagious animal diseases are considered. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that since 2012 there have been 23 outbreaks of ASF in the Sumy region, 52.2 % of which were recorded among pigs in the private sector, 30.4% - within pig-breeding complexes, and 17.4 % of cases were recorded in wild boars that had been shot dead or found dead on the territory of the region. The first outbreak (2014) was recorded among wild animals, which proves the high probability of spreading African swine fever virus from the territory of the Russian Federation across the border. The incidence rate among private sector domestic pigs indicates a low level of biological safety of this method of keeping animals. From 2019 to September 2021, 3328 samples (including 1078 samples from private sector and 2250 samples from pig-breeding complexes) from domestic pigs taken from 12 districts and 4 cities of Sumy region were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction. During this period, 3 outbreaks of ASF were recorded. Based on the results of this work, possible sources of ASF introduction and spread throughout the region were identified, as well as proposals were made on the need to improve the disease monitoring strategy. So, epizootological monitoring of African swine fever by specific and sensitive PCR in pig-breeding complexes and private sector of the Sumy region in 2019-2021 years indicates the circulation of the disease among the pig population. Keeping pigs with all biosafety rules, preventing contact of domestic pigs with wild boars and rapid response to outbreaks of the disease will significantly reduce the risks of further spread of ASF in the Sumy region.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the epizootic situation in Ukraine regarding African swine fever among domestic and wild pigs from 2012 to 2020 and identifies the main sources of virus spread as well as weak links in the biological safety system of farms. When studying the statistical material of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection regarding animal morbidity, revealed a territorial pattern between the outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs of private farms and pig-breeding complexes, and proved the involvement of the European boar in the epizootic process as a natural reservoir and mobile focus of infection. Calculated the number of outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs within the same region and district, and studied the sequence of the emergence of foci on limited territories. Analyzed the natural focality of the disease, the probability of infection transmission to the domestic pig farm sector, and the role of infected objects in the spread of the virus among wild animal populations. From 2012 to 2020 inclusive, according to FAO statistics, 537 cases of African swine fever were recorded in Ukraine, 21.7 % of which were associated with wild boars. In 2017 and 2018, the role of the European wild boar in the epizootic process is best reflected, when 10.9 % (2017) and 20.4 % (2018) of outbreaks of African swine fever among domestic animals recorded in the same administrative districts, where during a year this desiase was detected among wild pigs. When analyzing statistical data of the recent years, the effectiveness of introducing more detailed monitoring of African swine fever among wild boars using modern laboratory methods and improving biosafety measures in the private sector and directly on hunting grounds has been proved. Further research is based on predicting the dynamics of the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine and the role of wild boar in this epizootic process. In addition, the role of wild boar in the spread of African swine fever in other countries and the most effective foreign methods of disease control and prevention will be analyzed.

Using publicly available information from the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection on the cases of African swine fever in Ukraine, the epidemiological situation regarding ASF in the Sumy region was analyzed, taking into account the consequences of military activities. When considering the ways of spreading the virus, the impact of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation on the main risk factors for the spread of the disease was revealed. In our opinion, wild boars, the number of which has increased by 19.3 % in the region over the past year and which is not regulated by hunters due to the hunting ban, remain a particularly dangerous way of spreading the virus. Hostilities, shelling and the movement of military equipment through the ASF-affected regions directly affect the migration processes of disturbed wildlife, which can quickly spread the virus over long distances, spread it within the population and transmit it to the domestic livestock. An important anthropogenic factor in the spread of the disease is the chaotic contamination of military base areas with unprocessed food residues that may contain a viable virus and, together with other fomites, contaminate the environment. Therefore, state anti-epizootic measures and methods of monitoring infectious diseases should be updated to reflect the realities of today. To control the circulation of the ASF virus among wildlife in the Sumy region under the conditions of a ban on monitoring culling, 25 samples of swabs, feed residues and feces from the feeding grounds of three forestries were studied using Real-Time PCR. In 100 % of the samples, no African swine fever virus DNA was detected, which means a negative result. However, the probable absence of the disease within the studied forestries did not prevent the region from having three outbreaks of ASF among domestic animals during 2022, which is a significant deterioration in the epizootic situation compared to the positive case-free year of 2021. Thus, the epidemiological situation regarding African swine fever in the Sumy region remains unfavorable and requires significant attention due to a number of factors that are dangerous and atypical for peacetime and may significantly affect the spread of numerous infectious diseases.

Свинарство споконвіку підтримує належний рівень добробуту населення та економіки країни, забезпечуючи людей продуктами харчування та сировиною для подальшої переробки. Будучи традиційним напрямком українського тваринництва, вирощування свиней на території Сумської області також відіграє значну роль у задоволенні потреб внутрішнього ринку та залишається популярною галуззю скотарства через свою ефективність. Однак останні роки відмічаються негативні тенденції відносно стану свинарства як на території Сумщини, так і в Україні в цілому, причиною яких слугує низка економічних, зоотехнічних, політичних та епізоотичних факторів. Метою даної роботи був аналіз статистичних даних щодо кількості свиней в Сумській області та виявлення взаємозв'язку між динамікою зміни об’єму поголів’я тварин, епізоотичною ситуацією щодо африканської чуми свиней (АЧС) та дотриманням правил біобезпеки у господарствах. Матеріалом для статті слугувала інформація, отримана з офіційного онлайн-ресурсу Головного управління статистики у Сумській області, офіційного онлайн– ресурсу Держпродспоживслужби та звітності Головного управління ветеринарної медицини в Сумській області. В результатах дослідження виявили значне зниження кількості свиней на території Сумщини починаючи з 2014 року, що збігається з часом виявлення першого спалаху африканської чуми свиней на території області (15.12.2014). Враховуючи ускладнення епізоотичної ситуації та зменшення об’єму поголів’я приватного сектору відносно загальної кількості тварин, зроблено висновок про значний вплив АЧС на свинарство Сумщини та загрозу спалахів хвороби для підсобних господарств у разі недотримання правил біобезпеки. Під час аналізу звітності рівня біологічної безпеки господарств звертали увагу на наявність у свинокомплексах огорожі, діючих санпропускників, дезбар’єрів та дезінфекції спецодягу працюючого з тваринами персоналу. Додатково підраховували кількість господарств, які проводять процедуру термічної обробки корму перед згодовуванням свиням. Позитивну динаміку щодо покращення статусу біобезпеки за період 2018–2021 роки виявили по збільшенню відносної кількості господарств, для яких були характерні наявність діючих санпропускників (+12%), дезбар’єрів (+15%) та дезінфекції спецодягу працюючого персоналу (+15%).