The tuber yield of potatoes is vulnerable to high temperature and is challenged by the asymmetric increase in day and night temperatures. This study aimed to evaluate photosynthesis, biomass growth, tuber mass distribution, and dry tuber yield in early harvested potatoes that were field-grown under high day and night temperature conditions during different growth stages. Potatoes were exposed to ambient (control), high night temperature (HNT; 19:00–7:00), high day temperature (HDT; 7:00–19:00), and high day/night temperature (HDNT; all day) for 14 days during tuber initiation (TI) or tuber bulking (TB) using portable, temperature-controlled plastic houses that were controlled to increase the temperature by 4.0°C. During TI, HNT delayed tuber development, thus altering tuber mass distribution by reducing the yield proportion of large tubers of >100 g (-53.7%) and lowering early harvest index (-16.1%), causing a significant yield loss (-17.2%) without interfering with photosynthesis. In contrast, HDT decreased early tuber yield (-18.1%) by reducing photosynthetic sources, which was probably attributed to decreased photosynthetic efficiency through a feedback inhibition. However, HDT altered neither tuber mass distribution nor early harvest index. HDNT during TI exhibited all the aforementioned effects of HNT and HDT (i.e., cumulative effects): reduced yield proportion of large tubers (-46.7%), decreased early harvest index (-23.7%), and reduced photosynthetic rate; thus, HDNT caused the highest yield loss (-30.3%). During TB, when the tubers were fully developed, the thermal effects decreased because most of the effects were either directly or indirectly linked to tuber development. These results provide comprehensive insight to the differential mechanisms of potato yield loss under high day and night temperatures and show that further field experiments should be conducted to cope with the threat of global warming on potato production.

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Global warming is expected to affect yield-determining factors of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), including the number of flowers and pods. However, little is known about the effects of high temperature on the temporal patterns of flowering and pod set. Experiments in the temperature-controlled greenhouses were conducted to examine the temporal pattern of flowering in determinate soybean cultivar "Sinpaldalkong" and to assess the effects of high temperature on the flower number, pod-set ratio, and pod number of the early-and late-opened-flowers and their contributions to overall pod number. The experiment comprised five sowing dates in 2013-2015 and four temperature treatments, namely ambient temperature (AT), AT + 1.5 • C, AT + 3.0 • C, and AT + 5.0 • C. Flowering duration (i.e., days between the first flowering and the last flowering) was extended by higher temperature and earlier sowing. The temporal distribution of flowering showed a bimodal distribution except for the experiment with the shortest flowering duration, i.e., second sowing in 2014. More flowers were produced in the late flowering period at high temperatures; however, most of these late-opened-flowers failed to reproduce, regardless of temperature conditions, resulting in a negligible contribution to the overall pod number. For the early-opened-flowers, the number of flowers was not significantly affected by temperature, while the pod-set ratio and pod number decreased with high temperatures resulting in a decrease in the overall pod number at temperatures above 29.4 • C.