Data from NCES indicate that it is two to three times more expensive to educate a student at a public fouryear college than at a community college. These figures exaggerate the difference between the two when you calculate the costs of the first two years of education for students working on a bachelor's degree. Using modified IPEDS data from the recently released Delta Project, this study shows that the cost per FTE and the public subsidy per FTE are lower at public master's level colleges than at the community college. AbstractData from NCES indicate that it is two to three times more expensive to educate a student at a public four-year college than at a community college. These figures exaggerate the difference between the two when you calculate the costs of the first two years of education for students working on a bachelor's degree. Using modified IPEDS data from the recently released Delta Project, this study shows that the cost per FTE and the public subsidy per FTE are lower at public master's level colleges than at the community college. Trend data from 1987-2005 are examined along with appropriate cautions for interpreting the results.

The purpose of this research study was to identify potential signature pedagogies in the field of CTE as well as specific disciplines within CTE, and to explain instructional strategy use by faculty's demographic characteristics, course delivery modes, and academic discipline. Based on a national survey of CTE faculty teaching at the postsecondary level, this study found faculty which teach in family and consumer sciences education are significantly more likely to use authentic reflective assessments; Engineering and technology education faculty are significantly more likely to implement knowledge acquisition activities; career and workforce education faculty are significantly more likely to infuse online activities in their courses; and business and/or marketing education faculty are significantly more likely to integrate research, group and discussion-based, knowledge acquisition, and online activities. Findings point to a need for faculty to continue considering alternatives pedagogies which create more engaged courses and maximize student learning.

Despite the need to provide differentiated instruction to diverse learners in contemporary CTE programs across institutes of higher education, little research has explored the actual classroom instructional strategies employed in postsecondary settings. To that end, this study found 387 CTE faculty most frequently use interactive lecture, questioning, whole-group discussion, and guided practice in their courses. While, the most infrequently used instructional strategies for CTE faculty included question and answer methods using clickers, synchronous online lecture, video creation, student-generated examinations and quizzes, and reflective blogs. As such, recommendations are articulated for both novice and experienced CTE doctoral students, faculty, and instructors regarding alternative pedagogies they might consider when teaching CTE courses.

The use of digital marketing to market products in this modern era has flourished due to the COVID-19 Pandemic emergence. The interactive ability possessed by digital marketing in providing 2-way communication in real time is one of the attractive advantages for business owners. Toko Makmur is a brick-and-clicks store that sells various needs for babies and children. Toko Makmur chose digital marketing as a marketing medium to market its products to the target market. Digital marketing at Toko Makmur was done by optimizing the use of Facebook and Instagram social media, optimizing the use of Google My Business, and creating a blog site called “Gagasan Bunda” for soft marketing using Wordpress. Optimization is carried out both organically by optimizing SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and uploading information content about mothers and children. In addition, Toko Makmur also conducted paid advertisement through social media Facebook. The data sources used to see the results of digital marketing implementation were from Google Analytics, Instagram Insight, Facebook Insight, and Google My Business Insight.