A fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. Fingerprint patterns are unique in each individual and the chance of two persons having identical fingerprints is about one in 64 thousand millions. The fingerprint ridges formed during foetal period do not change their course or alignment throughout the life of an individual. Out of many blood grouping systems available, ABO and Rh systems are the most important and are considered for the present study. Due to the immense potential of fingerprints as an effective method of identification an attempt has been made in the present work to analyse their correlation with gender and blood group of an individual. This study was carried out on 100 subjects (50 male and 50 female) having different ABO blood groups and belonging to different age groups. All the 10 fingerprints were taken and divided into loops, whorls, arches and composite. Results show that loops are most commonly found pattern followed by whorls, arches and composite. Loops are predominant in males whereas whorls and arches are seen more in females. Composites being in same proportion in both sexes. Highest frequency of loops was seen in O positive blood group followed by B positive. Among loops ulnar loops were predominant.

Homicide is the most heinous and often the most violent crime committed against a person by another person. Incidence of homicide is increasing day by day and is becoming a major threat to the harmony of society. In the present study, homicidal deaths occurred over a period of 5 years, i.e. from 2008 to 2012 in and around Tirupati region were analysed. During the study period, the incidence of homicidal deaths was 4.02% with a male-to-female ratio of 1.96:1. Most common age group to be involved was 30-39 years. The most frequent method of homicide was use of blunt weapons (38.03%), followed by use of sharp weapons (25.15%), asphyxial methods (11.03%). Personal enmity (20.24%), extramarital affairs (18.40%), love affairs (18.49%) and financial disputes (12.26%) were among the common motives behind the act. Incidence of homicide was more common during night times (56.98%) and at place of living of victim or assailant (43.55%). Most of the victims (85.88%) remained totally deprived of any medical help.

Bomb blast cause injury on large groups of people by multiple mechanisms. Bomb blast injuries differ from the conventional description of trauma complexity. Primary injuries are caused by blast wave and over pressure. Secondary injuries are caused by flying debris and cause shrapnel wounds. Tertiary injuries are caused by blast wind due to forceful impact and quaternary injuries are caused by other vectors like heat, radiation etc. Combined injuries, especially blast and burn injury or blast and crush injury, are common during an explosive event. Knowledge about nature of injuries is essential for medicolegal and postmortem reports. INTRODUCTION: Explosions and blasts occur accidently or deliberately. Accidently explosion and blasts arise out of negligence, poor maintenance of factory units or faulty operations. In recent times, bomb explosions and blasts are a casual daily event. No day passes by without reports of terrorist attacks and bomb blasts. The act of bombing is intentionally carried out act for political gains, aimed at civilians and executed by sub-national militant groups. The casualties arising out of blasts are large and victims face serious physical and psychologically repercussions. Minor blasts are deliberately set-off to create a state of fear among the public. Since, the art of making ammunition and executing attacks have become sophisticated and precise, the extent of injury is overwhelming. Explosives used for making explosives may be of high-order explosives or low-order explosives. The pattern of injury that occurs with bombs and explosions are unique and is never seen beyond the combat. 1 The nature of the injury may be blunt or penetrating and often affects multiorgan systems. 2 In addition, high-pressure air expanding from the detonation center also inflicts injuries. 3 A blast or explosion produces numerous casualties and injuries that present with unique triage, diagnostic, and management challenges to the emergency staff. SEVERITY OF BLAST INJURIES: The type of explosives used determines the severity of blast injuries and fatalness of the case. 4 Severity of injury is dependent on number of factors, which include: 1  Composition and amount of the explosive materials used.  The surrounding location of explosion.  The method of detonation and delivery of bomb.  The distance between the victim and the blast.  Any intervening protective barriers or environmental hazards. EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND DEVICES: Explosives may be of high-order explosives or loworder explosives. The former produce a supersonic over-pressurization shock wave and the latter produces subsonic explosion without the production of over-pressurization wave. Manufactured or improvised explosive weapons (explosive and incendiary bombs) are usually high-order explosives

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Deaths by ligation of neck are in practice from the time immemorial and before advent of civilization. In uncivilized societies, the application of ligation for taking away the life of another person was one of the commonest practices which were successfully carried out into the civilized societies. Earliest it was a homicidal method as suicide was considered as a heinous act. Ligature mark is a pressure abrasion produced on the neck by ligature material due to force either from weight of the body or external energies. More over the impression was ligation leads to wind pipe constriction for which manual violence is needed. When compared to other modalities of un-natural deaths, death by ligation was found world-wide popularity and is one of the preferred methods to take or take away the life. This study is conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Secunderabad. The period of analytical study of ligature mark in cases of deaths due to hanging and ligature strangulation is from Jan. 2012 to Dec.2012. The total number of autopsies done during the year of 2012 is 4950, among the total Autopsies hanging & ligature strangulations deaths were 522. A detailed study of these 522 cases of deaths due to hanging and ligature strangulation were analyzed with special reference to 'ligature mark'.