A fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. Fingerprint patterns are unique in each individual and the chance of two persons having identical fingerprints is about one in 64 thousand millions. The fingerprint ridges formed during foetal period do not change their course or alignment throughout the life of an individual. Out of many blood grouping systems available, ABO and Rh systems are the most important and are considered for the present study. Due to the immense potential of fingerprints as an effective method of identification an attempt has been made in the present work to analyse their correlation with gender and blood group of an individual. This study was carried out on 100 subjects (50 male and 50 female) having different ABO blood groups and belonging to different age groups. All the 10 fingerprints were taken and divided into loops, whorls, arches and composite. Results show that loops are most commonly found pattern followed by whorls, arches and composite. Loops are predominant in males whereas whorls and arches are seen more in females. Composites being in same proportion in both sexes. Highest frequency of loops was seen in O positive blood group followed by B positive. Among loops ulnar loops were predominant.

Background:Hanging is one of the most common methods of approach in case of suicidal deaths in India. with 83 cases of asphyxial deaths due to hanging. A thorough external and internal examination of ligature mark was performed in all the cases. Results: A total of 83 cases were notified. Majority, 37(44.5%) of cases belong to 3rd decade (21-30 yrs). Males are common victims -52(62.6%). Complete hanging was commonest type -76(91.56%). Chunni was the commonest material -25(31.12%). Single ligature mark was common -80(96.3%). Gross examination revealed soft tissue changes in 23(27.71%) cases. Microscopic examination -breaking, wrinkling and compression of skin along with micro hemorrhages and inflammatory changes in subcutaneous tissues were notified. Conclusion: The examination of corpse in cases of hanging is made easy by correlating current observation with the following finding. The correlation of external, internal and microscopic findings leads to easy formulation of final opinion these cases. It also, to some extent helps to delineate antemortem cases of hanging with postmortem cases. Citation:Arumalla, V.K., et al. Ligature Mark in Hanging -Gross and Histopathological Examination with Evaluation and Review (2016) J Addict Depend 2(1): 65-71.

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Homicide is the most heinous and often the most violent crime committed against a person by another person. Incidence of homicide is increasing day by day and is becoming a major threat to the harmony of society. In the present study, homicidal deaths occurred over a period of 5 years, i.e. from 2008 to 2012 in and around Tirupati region were analysed. During the study period, the incidence of homicidal deaths was 4.02% with a male-to-female ratio of 1.96:1. Most common age group to be involved was 30-39 years. The most frequent method of homicide was use of blunt weapons (38.03%), followed by use of sharp weapons (25.15%), asphyxial methods (11.03%). Personal enmity (20.24%), extramarital affairs (18.40%), love affairs (18.49%) and financial disputes (12.26%) were among the common motives behind the act. Incidence of homicide was more common during night times (56.98%) and at place of living of victim or assailant (43.55%). Most of the victims (85.88%) remained totally deprived of any medical help.

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