No abstract

Pesticide poisoning is still an important health problem in agricultural areas, especially horticultural agriculture. Various chronic health effects can be caused by long-term exposure to pesticides. This study aims to determine the risk factor of pesticide poisoning in horticultural farmers in West Lampung Regency. The study used a cross sectional design which was conducted in four different areas as the center of horticulture agriculture, West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. The study involved 289 participants by interviewing, observing and examining blood samples to measure cholinesterase levels as an indicator of pesticide poisoning. In this section, we have applied research ethical procedures. The obtained data were analyzed using Chi squre test, Odds Ratio test and Logistic Regression. The results showed that the risk factors for pesticide poisoning were incomplete use of personal protected equipment (PPE), spraying with the wrong dose and spraying frequency. Unwearing a complete PPE had a 4.54 times (OR = 4.54; 95% CI 2.09-9.83) higher risk of experiencing pesticide poisoning, and statistically suggested, a very significant relationship (p-value = 0.0001). While the use of excessive dosage has a risk of 4.39 times (OR = 4.39; 95% CI 1.87-10.33; p-value = 0.001); and the frequency of spraying more than twice a week had a 2.33 times higher risk of experiencing pesticide poisoning (OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.24-4.40; p-value = 0.009). Excessive use of pesticide dosage and the frequency of spraying with the cover blanked method are the main factors of pesticide exposure to farmers. On the other hand, the use of PPE is a method of protection from exposure. It needs joint efforts through increasing knowledge about the dangers of pesticides, pesticide management, how to work safely, and the use of PPE.

BACKGROUND: Stunting is a critical public health problem in Indonesia because it affects cognitive and physical development and contributes to child mortality. AIM: This study aims to identify risk factors for stunting in children aged 6–59 in the horticultural area. METHODS: A casecontrol study was conducted to compare previous exposure between stunted children and non-stunted children. Measurements and interviews were conducted with 160 participants (120 controls and 40 cases), including mothers or caregivers. SPSS was used for χ2 statistical analysis, multiple logistic regression, and odds ratios. RESULTS: The study identified four risk factors for stunting: children who were born short (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 17.57; 95% confident interval [CI]: 5.02–61.51), LBW (AOR = 4.35; 95% CI: 1.38–13.78), and got a low protein intake (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI: 1.22–20.26). Significantly, a relationship between stunting and access to sanitation was also found (AOR = 6.06; 95% CI: 1.25–29.35). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for stunting in children aged 6–59 are related to nutrition during pregnancy and the child’s quality of food. Nutrition interventions should emphasize improving the nutritional status of pregnant women and children and women empowering to affect access to resources and allocations for children’s nutrition.

Abstrak: Keracunan pestisida merupakan masalah kesehatan yang kritis pada pertanian hortikultura, akibat dari penggunaan dosis berlebihan, cara penanganan yang salah, dan tidak menggunakan APD secara lengkap. Salah satu efek kronis keracunan pestisida adalah anemia. Pada kehamilan, anemia menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan intrauterin sehingga bayi lahir BBLR dan pendek (stunted). Pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang risiko paparan pestisida, serta memeriksa kadar kolinesterase dan Hb. Penyuluhan dengan penilaian diberikan kepada 50 orang ibu hamil, dan dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan kesehatan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikans pada sebagian besar peserta (p-value0,01). Pada pemeriksaan kesehatan, didapatkan sebanyak 30% ibu hamil mengalami keracunan pestisida dan 16% anemia, menunjukkan paparan pestisida yang tinggi dan perlindungan diri yang rendah. Pada akhir kegiatan, seluruh peserta diberikan buku saku tentang pengelolaan pestisida yang aman, sebagai media pembelajaran dan perluasan informasi. Sebanyak 500 eksemplar juga diserahkan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Lampung Barat, untuk dibagikan kepada ibu hamil di kecamatan lainnya. Penyuluhan yang disertai dengan penyampaian bukti gangguan kesehatan telah mampu memicu perubahan perilaku sasaran, terlihat dari peningkatan penggunaan APD selama bekerja, dan pemeriksaan kehamilan. Pengabdian diharapkan dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dan melibatkan banyak mitra.Abstract: Pesticide poisoning is a critical health problem in horticultural agriculture due to excessive doses, wrong handling methods, and incompletely using PPE. One of the chronic effects of pesticide poisoning is anemia. In pregnancy, anemia causes intrauterine growth disorders, so that the baby is born LBW dan stunted. This community service aims to increase pregnant women's knowledge about pesticides' risks and check cholinesterase dan Hb levels. Counseling with assessments was given to 50 pregnant women, followed by taking blood samples for health checks. The services results showed a significant increase in knowledge in most participants (p-value 0.01). On the medical check, it was found that 30% of pregnant women experienced pesticide poisoning dan 16% anemia, indicating high pesticide exposure dan low self-protection. At the end of the activity, all participants were given pocketbooks on safe pesticide management as a medium for learning and expanding information. A total of 500 copies were also handed over to the West Lampung Health Office to be distributed to pregnant women in other districts. Counseling accompanied by the delivery of evidence of health problems has triggered changes in the target behavior, as seen in the increased use of PPE during work dan antenatal care. The service is expected to be carried out sustainably and involves many partners.

The target of government in the use of health care facilities for birth process (90% of delivery process in conducted by health practitioners) has not been reached. The research used a cross sectional design. The population included all mothers have given birth process from April to July 2017. The samples were selected using the proposive sampling (with data collection sheet). They were 89 mothers who had previous delivery experience. This study used chi-square test. The data were presented in the form of frequency distribution and percentages followed with narration.The results are: knowledge factor (ρ=0.000 less than α=0.05), habit factor (ρ=0.004 less than α= 0.05), the factor of distance to health care service (ρ=0.001 less than α= 0.05), and midviwe availability factor (ρ=0.003 less than α= 0.05). It is concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge, habit, distance to health care service, midwive availability and requesting midwives to help in birth process.