Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers and the leading cause of death from malignancy among women worldwide. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are a source of important prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients. In this study, based on the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor immune microenvironment, a risk score prognostic model was developed in the training cohort for risk stratification and prognosis prediction in breast cancer patients. The prognostic value of this risk score prognostic model was also verified in the two testing cohorts and the TCGA pan cancer cohort. Nomograms were also established in the training and testing cohorts to validate the clinical use of this model. Relationships between the risk score, intrinsic molecular subtypes, immune checkpoints, tumor-infiltrating immune cell abundances and the response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy were also evaluated. Based on these results, we can conclude that this risk score model could serve as a robust prognostic biomarker, provide therapeutic benefits for the development of novel chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and may be helpful for clinical decision making in breast cancer patients.

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death from gynecologic malignancy in women. High-grade serous carcinomas, low-grade serous carcinomas, endometrioid carcinomas, clear cell carcinomas, and mucinous carcinomas with distinct pathological and clinical characteristics are the main histological subtypes of ovarian cancer. The majority of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to a lack of suitable screening tests for early detection and specific early symptoms. Despite progress in therapy improvements in ovarian cancer, most patients develop a recurrence within months or years after initial treatment. Given that the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with prognosis and ovarian cancer is among the first cancers with an established association of immune cell infiltration, identification of the immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer is thought to be promising. In this study, to increase the understanding of tumor immune cell interactions, we undertook a study of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a large group of ovarian cancer patients. Our results suggested that tumor immune infiltrates of ovarian cancer were quite cohort and subtype dependent, and activated CD4+ T and CD8+ T tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with good overall survival in the high-grade serous tumors. We found that high expression levels of the immune-related genes were associated with good prognosis in high-grade serous carcinomas. In addition, two different groups of prognostic genes were found in the high-grade and low-grade serous carcinomas, indicating that these two subtypes of serous carcinomas were two biologically and clinically different cancer types.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in the world. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were defined as the white blood cells left in the vasculature and localized in tumours. Recently, tumourinfiltrating lymphocytes were found to be associated with good prognosis and response to immunotherapy in tumours. In this study, to examine the influence of FLI1 in immune system in breast cancer, we interrogated the relationship between the FLI1 expression levels with infiltration levels of 28 immune cell types. By splitting the breast cancer samples into high and low expression FLI1 subtypes, we found that the high expression FLI1 subtype was enriched in many immune cell types, and the up-regulated differentially expressed genes between them were enriched in immune system processes, immune-related KEGG pathways and biological processes. In addition, many important immune-related features were found to be positively correlated with the FLI1 expression level. Furthermore, we found that the FLI1 was correlated with the immune-related genes. Our findings may provide useful help for recognizing the relationship between tumour immune microenvironment and FLI1, and may unravel clinical outcomes and immunotherapy utility for FLI1 in breast cancer.

Tumor cavitation, pathologic stage IB, and being male are predictors of poor outcome for patients with stage I NSCLC who undergo resection.

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