AI assistance improved radiologists' performance in distinguishing COVID-19 from pneumonia of other etiology on chest CT. Key Results: An AI model had higher test accuracy (96% vs 85%, p<0.001), sensitivity (95% vs 79%, p<0.001), and specificity (96% vs 88%, p=0.002) than radiologists. In an independent test set, our AI model achieved an accuracy of 87%, sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 86%. With AI assistance, the radiologists achieved a higher average accuracy (90% vs 85%, p<0.001), sensitivity (88% vs 79%, p<0.001) and specificity (91% vs 88%, p=0.001). AbstractBackground: COVID-19 and pneumonia of other etiology share similar CT characteristics, contributing to the challenges in differentiating them with high accuracy.Purpose: To establish and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI) system in differentiating COVID-19 and other pneumonia on chest CT and assess radiologist performance without and with AI assistance.Methods: 521 patients with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 and abnormal chest CT findings were retrospectively identified from ten hospitals from January 2020 to April 2020. 665 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia and definite evidence of pneumonia on chest CT were retrospectively selected from three hospitals between 2017 and 2019. To classify COVID-19 versus other pneumonia for each patient, abnormal CT slices were input into the EfficientNet B4 deep neural network architecture after lung segmentation, followed by two-layer fully-connected neural network to pool slices together.Our final cohort of 1,186 patients (132,583 CT slices) was divided into training, validation and test sets in a 7:2:1 and equal ratio. Independent testing was performed by evaluating model performance on separate hospitals. Studies were blindly reviewed by six radiologists without and then with AI assistance.Results: Our final model achieved a test accuracy of 96% (95% CI: 90-98%), sensitivity 95% (95% CI: 83-100%) and specificity of 96% (95% CI: 88-99%) with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) AUC of 0.95 and Precision-Recall (PR) AUC of 0.90. On independent testing, our model achieved an accuracy of 87% (95% CI: 82-90%), sensitivity of 89% (95% CI: 81-94%) and specificity of 86% (95% CI: 80-90%) with ROC AUC of 0.90 and PR AUC of 0.87. Assisted by the models' probabilities, the radiologists achieved a higher average test accuracy (90% vs. 85%, ∆=5, p<0.001), sensitivity (88% vs. 79%, ∆=9, p<0.001) and specificity (91% vs. 88%, ∆=3, p=0.001).

Stabilizing a-CsPbI 3 perovskite is one of the most critical challenges for allinorganic perovskite development. We find that the all-inorganic CsPbI 3 cannot go through either solid state or sequential cation exchange to form a 2D perovskite capping layer. Instead, a defect-passivating organic cation terminated surface is formed that improves phase stability and moisture resistance. The corresponding a-CsPbI 3 perovskite solar cells exhibit high reproducibility with a champion stabilized efficiency of 13.5%.

Colistin is an ultimate line of refuge against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Very recently, the emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr-1 colistin resistance has become a great challenge to global public health, raising the possibility that dissemination of the mcr-1 gene is underestimated and diversified. Here, we report three cases of plasmid-carried MCR-1 colistin resistance in isolates from gut microbiota of diarrhea patients. Structural and functional analyses determined that the colistin resistance is conferred purely by the single mcr-1 gene. Genetic and sequence mapping revealed that mcr-1-harbouring plasmid reservoirs are present in diversity. Together, the data represent the first evidence of diversity in mcr-1-harbouring plasmid reservoirs of human gut microbiota.

All-inorganic lead halide perovskites α-CsPbI 2 Br with higher thermal stability and phase stability are promising candidate for optoelectronic application such as photovoltaics. However, the >250 C high temperature annealing is required to obtain the desired photovoltaic active perovskite phase of α-CsPbI 2 Br, which makes it difficult for fabrication and application based on flexible polymer substrate. Here, a facile formation of high performance allinorganic CsPbI 2 Br perovskite solar cell is reported, through a one-step method and a 100-130 C low temperature annealing process. The faciledeposited CsPbI 2 Br film demonstrates long-term phase stability at room temperature for a month and exhibits the thermal stability under 100 C annealing for more than a week. Consequently, the CsPbI 2 Br-based allinorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to a record value of 10.56%. This low temperature crystallization of all-inorganic CsPbI 2 Br perovskite is a promising approach for scalable, convenient, and inexpensive fabrication in the future.Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have emerged as one class of most promising optoelectronic materials for various application due to their excellent optical absorption, good carrier mobility, and lifetime. [1][2][3][4] The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells has progressed rapidly from unstable 3.8% to a certified 22.1% and their stability has also been significantly improved in a relatively short span of time, which make them promising for commercialization. [5][6][7][8] With the progress of these organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, all-inorganic halide perovskite has demonstrated to be another promising novel alternative candidate for various optoelectronic applications. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] These allinorganic lead halide perovskites of CsPbX 3 (X ¼ I, Br, Cl) have advantage of higher thermal stability over the well-studied organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites, such as MAPbX 3 (X ¼ I, Br, Cl). [16][17][18] The excellent thermal stability of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites can be ascribed to the absence of volatile organic component and the higher formation energy. [19] The high formation or crystallization energy helps enhance the thermal stability of CsPbX 3 perovskite but also induces the difficulty for fabrication. Now, CsPbX 3 -based perovskite can be either fabricated via a generally solution-process similar to the hybrid lead halide perovskites or advanced vacuum deposition. [20] Regarding on the solution-process, most reported CsPbX 3 exhibits a yellow orthorhombic phase upon formation at low temperature, which is unsuitable for solar cell applications. [21,22] Followed by a second-high temperature annealing, these yellow phases can form a black cubic perovskite phase. Generally, the yellow-to-black phase transformation occurs at temperatures of above 300 C. [23][24][25][26] A recent investigation on the crystal behavior of CsPb...