Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of tumor-associated mortality, and >75% of patients with lung cancer have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pemetrexed, a folate antagonist, is a first-line chemotherapy drug for NSCLC that is administered alone or in combination with cisplatin. The present study established in vitro cell models of PTEN inhibition and overexpression, and the effects of the treatment with pemetrexed were investigated in these cell models. Result from the present study demonstrated that treatment with pemetrexed suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation, inhibited mRNA and protein expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl2, and increased the mRNA and the protein expression levels of pro-apoptotic p53 and apoptosis regulator BAX. The present study suggested that pemetrexed regulated apoptosis via the inhibition of the mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, cellular processes associated with the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrates were identified to be significantly inhibited. The present findings suggested that treatment with pemetrexed may exhibit synergistic effects with PTEN on lung cancer cells via the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and through carbohydrate metabolism, and treatment with pemetrexed combined with PTEN overexpression may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.

In this study, two new polysaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Boletus aereus and Pleurotus cornucopiae, respectively. The results of structure identification showed that BA-T was composed of xylose residues, glucose residues and galactose residues, and the ratio is 3:6:6. The BA-T takes 1,6-glucose and 1,6-galactose as skeletons, extends a branched chain from galactose 2-O to connect 1,4-xylose, and connects β-4-glucose terminal monosaccharide to xylose. PC-1 was composed of of xylose, glucose and galactose in the ratio of 2:8:2 and takes 1,6-glucose as skeletons, extends a branched chain from galactose 4-O to connect (1→4,,6)-α-D-Glcp and (1→2,6)-α-D-galactose, and →4)-β-D-Glcp and →1)-α-D-Xylp as terminal group. The results of immunoactivity showed that BA-T and PC-1 have the proliferation activity of B cells, T cells and RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and the effect of BA-T on the proliferation of T cells was the greatest. The results of RNA-sequencing showed that the protein synthesis and metabolism of T cells are more vigorous under the stimulation of BA-T, and oxidative phosphorylation is the main energy source in the process of T cell proliferation.

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