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This paper summarized our developments on the integration of miniaturized optical 3-D systems using crystal substrates, which include a birefrmgence-customized stacking technique with the building blocks of double refraction and a photorefractive integration technique with the photorefractive local holograms thermally fixed by CO2 laser heating. The principles are introduced and the corresponding configurations are given, and the examples of various integrated digital optical computing systems such as logic processor, morphological image processor, and interconnection networks are shown.

The photorefractive holographic recording is a dynamic grating formulation process, where the grating is induced by the interference modulation of two beams, and the energies of the beams are exchanged with each other owing to their interaction in the induced grating. The grating modulation envelope is a comprehensive analysis for holographic dynamic recording and non-destructive readout, but analytic solutions can only be obtained by simultaneously solving the materials equations and the coupled wave equations. In this paper, based on Kukhtarev's model and Moharam's field function exact steady-state analytic expressions for dynamic grating envelopes are deduced for any constant values of light modulation depth and light excitation efficiency. Thus their approximations for straight formulation instead of parametric formulation are then obtained. These steady-state analytic solutions to envelopes describe the dynamic holographic recording and readout more clearly and exactly.