Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) proteins are important cytokines in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, its neural functions in glioma are still not understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of TGF-β1 on glioma cell line U87. miR-205 and miR-195 were involved in TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect miR-205 and miR-195 levels in human glioma tissue samples and U87 cells treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine TGF-β1 in the glioma patients peripheral blood. In vitro, U87 cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-205 and miR-195. SMAD proteins were assayed by western blotting. Luciferase assay and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to determine the relationships between miR-205 and SMAD2, miR-195 and SMAD7. Effects of miR-205 and miR-195 on glioma cell proliferation and invasion using colony forming and cell migration assays. It was shown that miR-205 was decreased in glioma tissue, but miR-195 and TGF-β1 was increased. In addition, TGF-β1 concentration was negatively correlated with miR-205 mRNA level, but positively correlated with miR-195 mRNA. In addition, miR-205 was downregulated and miR-195 was upregulated by TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner. miR-205 and miR-195 targeted and inhibited SMAD2 and SMAD7 expression, respectively, in U87. High expression of miR-205 but not miR-195 reduced SMAD2 and SMAD4 heteromer formation. In addition, it was also shown that miR-205 overexpression inhibited U87 proliferation and invasion efficiently. All the results suggested that miR-205 and miR-195 participated in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and showed opposite effects in glioma. These findings contribute to the understanding of TGF-β1 function in glioma.

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With the deepening of the population aging and the growth of the economy in China, the demand for improving the lives of the elderly groups is increasing, and the prospects of the old-age industry, especially the real estate market for the old-age, are bright. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in promoting the development of the old-age real estate. The development of the old-age real estate for SMEs is not only conducive to the healthy development of the old-age real estate market, but also conducive to the middle and low-income elderly to enjoy high-quality and convenient old-age services. The method adopted in this paper is mainly to compare the modes that SMEs can adopt in the three links of development, financing and operation of the old-age real estate, to calculate the costs and benefits of various modes, and to analyze their advantages and disadvantages. The types of enterprises suitable for various modes are also discussed. The conclusion of this paper is that for different links, SMEs should adopt different modes in the process of developing old-age real estate. In terms of development mode, SMEs should choose to cooperate with service agencies because SMEs have weak capital strength and risk tolerance, narrow financing channels and less market resources. In terms of financing mode, SMEs should choose government-enterprise cooperation because it can reduce the development cost, especially the cost of land, also can obtain policy support and administrative approval convenience. In addition, this mode can well reflect the profitability and welfare characteristics of the old-age real estate and can achieve social spillover benefits. In terms of operation mode, SMEs should choose only construction but not operation so as to avoid the risks brought by the latter operation.