Figure 1: We investigate if adaptive learning tools that automatically adapt their shape to adjust the task difficulty based on a learner's performance can help in motor-skill training. To this end, we built (a) a study prototype in the form of an adaptive basketball stand that can adjust its hoop size and basket height. Our studies show that when the tool adapts automatically, training leads to significantly higher learning gains in comparison to training with (b) a static tool and (c) a manually adaptive tool for which the learners choose the difficulty level themselves.

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Figure 1: Adaptive training tools adjust the task difculty according to the learner's current performance: (a) Adaptive basketball hoop that can be widened/tightened and raised/lowered. (b) Adaptive training wheels for a bike that can be raised/lowered. (c) Wobbleboard with infatable/defatable support cushion to increase/decrease stability. (d) An infatable/defatable golf arm band that increases/decreases restriction when bending the elbow.