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Natural textiles provide an ideal environment for bacterial growth, causing harm to human health. In order to overcome this issue, a photothermal antibacterial technique has been employed as a facile strategy in recent years. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) exhibit a satisfactory photothermal effect and can be potentially used to construct antibacterial textiles. Herein, we prepared a photothermal antibacterial silk fabric via a two-step method, where a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (QCS) was used as a template to temporarily fix negative sulfur ions, which were transferred to silk fibers containing copper ammonia ions. The morphology, structure, and corresponding antibacterial ability for the obtained CuSNP-deposited silk fabric were examined. The obtained results revealed that the prepared materials, formed by interactions with silk fibers and QCS chains, exhibited uniform size and typical structural characteristics, promoting UV resistance and a good light-to-heat conversion effect. Moreover, a rapid antibacterial efficiency of the composite silk fabric was determined under light irradiation (400 mW/cm2), resulting in 99.99% bacteria death of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) within 5 min of irradiation. Additionally, the antibacterial rate of CuSNP-deposited with QCS as a template (SF/QCS/CuS) remained at a high level even after 10 washes, indicating a rapid bonding rate of the photothermal nanoparticles. This work develops a novel and efficient strategy for the construction of a photothermal antibacterial silk fabric, which expands its wide applications in the field of antibacterial materials.

Antibacterial textiles prepared by the combination of photodynamic and photothermal technologies exhibit potential applications for preventing microbial infections in life. In this paper, the deposition behavior of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) on silk fabric (SF) was regulated by introducing polyaniline (PANI), which can chelate copper(II) ions, aiming at constructing a multifunctional textile with efficient and stable photothermal performances. First, PANI molecules from free-radical polymerization was absorbed to fiber surfaces via intermolecular forces. Subsequently, copper ammonia ions were bonded to the fabric of SF/PANI via chelation actions and further interacted with thiourea loaded by chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, formed the organic–inorganic hybrid of PANI/CuSNPs simultaneously. Finally, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was used to encapsulate fibers for imparting antioxidant and self-cleaning abilities to the photothermal textile. The results reveal that the composite textile of SF/PANI/CuS achieved satisfactory ultraviolet resistance. The inactivation toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 99.9% when irradiated for 5 min with a light intensity of 200 mW/cm2, remaining at a similar level even after washing 10 times. Additionally, PDMS encapsulation protects the deposited CuSNPs from air oxidation without sacrificing its photothermal performance. The present work provides a new strategy for developing photothermal antibacterial textiles with efficient, durable, and stable application performances.

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