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Fractures of distal end radius are common fractures of the upper limb, and constitute 17% of all fractures and 75% of all forearm fractures. This fracture shows bimodal distribution of age with the fracture more commonly seen in children and elderly. Fractures that involve the articular surfaces of the distal radius can jeopardize the congruence and kinematics of the wrist joint. Anatomical articular reduction greatly reduces the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis and the quality of reduction relates directly to the final outcome. These types of fractures have been treated by various methods. Many fixation techniques have been described including pin and plaster fixation, percutaneous pinning, intramedullary pinning, external fixation (bridging or nonbridging, static or dynamic) and various forms of internal fixation with customised implants. The advantages of external fixation are the relative ease of application, minimal surgical exposure, and reduced surgical trauma. The disadvantages are prolonged immobilisation of the radiocarpal joint, indirect reduction of fracture fragments, loss of ligamentotaxis over time, and pin related complications. The advantages of plate osteosynthesis are direct fracture reduction, stable rigid fixation, and the possibility of immediate postoperative motion. Open reduction of the fracture allows reduction of the fracture under direct vision and should lead to accurate restoration of anatomy. Dorsal plates were associated with tendon rupture, tenosynovitis, reoperation, and 25% of collapse while the complication of volar plating is relatively low. The volar surface of the distal radius may be biologically more acceptable for open reduction and internal fixation than the dorsal surface because the flexor tendons are not as close to the bone sur faceas the extensor tendons.

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Background: Displaced femoral neck fractures are common in the elderly patient, it is predicted that, the number of hip fractures would triple by 2050, and these patients are subjected to an increased disability, morbidity, and mortality. The optimal treatment for displaced fracture neck of femur with best clinical outcome is still inconclusive and determined by the mobility and functional demands of the patient. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of fracture neck of femur in elderly patients above the age of 60 years treated by hemiarthroplasty using bipolar prosthesis between November 2018 to May 2020 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cases were followed up for 6 months and the short term functional results were analysed by using modified Harris hip score. Results: out of 30 patients, most of the patients were in the age group of 60 to 70 years with mean average age of 68.9 years. Females were predominant, there were 36% excellent results and 43% good results. Conclusion:Modular Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for fractures neck femur provides better range of movement, freedom from pain and more rapid return to unassisted activity with an acceptable complication rate. The end functional results depend on the age of the patient, associated co-morbidity and optimum post-operative rehabilitation. Early functional results are satisfactory.