Background The process of adjusting to new circumstances is known as adjustment. It is a psychological concept that refers to the behavior that permits people to meet the demands of the environment. A university is a new environment that triggers different reactions among first year students. Getting used to university life becomes a challenge. It is required to deal with difficulties, stressful situations, as well as to manage problems and obstacles that arise in regular life. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of adjustment problem among first year dilla university students dilla, Southern Ethiopia 2022. Method and Material An institutional-based cross-sectional study was used among first year dilla university students. Data was collected by using on self-administered structured questionnaire to assess socio-demographic, personal factor, environmental factor and social factors. A Simple random sampling technique will be employed to get the sample. SACQ was used to assess adjustment problem first year students in university. The collected data was coded and entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis, Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors of adjustment problem in first year dilla university students. The statistical significance was set at P-value < 0.05. Result A total of 406 respondents were involved in the study with response rate of 95.98%. Of respondents 241(59.4%) were male and 165(40.6%) were female. Overall prevalence of adjustment problem was 54.4%. Female students AOR = 3.606 with 95% CI (2.010,6.471), students’ residences were rural AOR = 3.924 with 95% CI (2.254,6.833), Personal factors AOR = 6.963, 95% CI:(3.188, 15.206), social factors AOR = 2.966, 95% CI: (1.503, 5.855 were significantly associated with adjustment problem. Conclusion and recommendation: A high prevalence of adjustment problems was discovered. Female students, students that come from rural areas, social factors and personal factors were significantly associated with adjustment problem. Other than academic issues, experienced lecturers provide full orientation about social life, campus environment, and coping mechanisms for these challenges was recommended

BackgroundNeural tube defects are a major public health issue that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-income countries such as Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, particularly in the study setting, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence, magnitude, and associated factors of neural tube defects. As a result, the purpose of this study was to evaluate neural tube defects and associated factors in JUMC.MethodsThis study was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted from June to September 2021. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from previous literature. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Independent variables with a p-value &lt; 0.05 were taken as statistically significant with neural tube defects.ResultsThe prevalence of NTDs in this study was 3.6%. Preterm newborns with GA &lt; 34 AOR 2.9(1.2–9.7), newborns with birth weight b/n 1,000–1,499 AOR 5.2(1.1–9.4), born with weight b/n 1,500–2,499 AOR 2.1(1.3–8.7), exposure to smoke AOR 2.1(1.2–8.8), radiation AOR 6.8(1.3–14.5), at least one history of abortion AOR 10.1(7.2–21.0) and mothers with AED intake AOR 5.7(2.3–18.4) were found to be associated significantly.ConclusionThe results indicated a significant frequency of neural tube abnormalities in newborns. The use of AEDs, abortion, and radiation have all been linked to those NTD cases. Pregnant women are advised to learn more about the need of beginning prenatal care as soon as possible because the aforementioned issues will be addressed during this treatment.

Background: Expressed emotion (EE) is an attitude, feeling, or behavior based on the emotional responses of the family caregiver in response to and reaction towards the ill family members. This concept has long been used to investigate the family environment of patients with mental disorders which reflects the extent to which family members close to a patient express critical comments, hostile and emotionally over-involved attitudes or warmth when talking about the patient. Given the paucity of research on this subject in Ethiopia and the area under study, it is important to evaluate caregivers of schizophrenic patients' expressed emotion and the elements that are related to it. Objective: To assess prevalence of expressed emotion and associated factors among care givers of schizophrenic patient attending mental health service in DURH, Dilla, and southern Ethiopia. Method and material: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed at DURH psychiatry clinic. Data was collected using face to face interview by interviewer administered questionnaire by using a mobile software epi.INFO version 7 and medical chart review was used to take the diagnosis of the patient and any comorbid disorder. Systematic random sampling was used to collect sample. The collected data was exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis, Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors of expressed emotion among caregivers of schizophrenic patient attending mental health service in DURH. The statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05. Result: High expressed emotion was observed in 50.5% (43.1-57.4) of respondents. Caring for schizophrenic patients for about 6-8 years (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 2.1-6.3), being female caregiver (AOR=1.2; 95%CL: 1.15-4.1), caregiver moderate to severe overload (AOR=2.0; 95%CI: 1.81-5.4) and 6-10 years total duration of illness (AOR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.42-3.9) were significantly associated with high expressed emotion. Conclusion: Since the present study reported high level of EE in almost half family members, there is need for psychosocial nursing care for every family members of schizophrenia patient which will help them to effectively cope with the stress of managing the mentally ill family member at home.

Background Work-related stress (WRS) is becoming an alarmingly growing public health concern worldwide. Due to globalization and changes in working conditions, people in low-income countries face growing work-relates stress. However, despite high prevalence globally, work-related stress among industrial park workers is not well studied in Ethiopia.Thus; the aim of this study was to assess work-related stress and associated factors among employees of Hawassa industrial park, southern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed among 419 employees of Hawassa industrial park using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by face-to-face interview. A workplace stress scale (WPSS) was used to assess work-related stress. The collected data were coded and entered into EPI data 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors. The statistical significance was considered at P-value < 0.05. Result The Overall prevalence of work-related stress was 47.5, 95% CI (43.2, 52.1). Variables such as temporary employment [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.26–0.64)], poor working condition [AOR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.32–3.43)], work experience less than two and half years [AOR = 3.11, 95% CI (1.95–4.96)], poor learning opportunity [AOR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.10–2.30)], poor organizational support [AOR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.10–2.62)], current use of khat [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI (1.28–4.99)] and current use of alcohol [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI (1.44–3.58)] were significantly associated with work-related stress. Conclusion and recommendation The study found high prevalence of work-related stress among employees of Hawassa industrial park. Temporary employment, poor working conditions, work experience < 21/2 years, poor learning opportunities, poor organizational support, current khat use, and current use of alcohol were significantly associated with work-related stress. Our study finding is recommending enhancing stress management skills and primary prevention on identified risk factors to industry employees.