The effects of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) applications on the bonding of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic onlay restorations after cyclic loading were examined. Standardized mesial-distal-occlusal-palatal cavities in 32 extracted human molars were prepared. The cavities were divided into four groups: those receiving thin-layered (T), slope-shaped (S), and base-shaped (B) sealing, and the non-sealing group (N) as a control. The intra-cavity dentin walls of the T, S, and B groups were sealed with an all-in-one adhesive and a flowable composite. All cavities were scanned; hence, CAD/CAM onlays were fabricated using ceramic blocks and bonded with a resin cement system. Cyclic loading was applied and the microtensile bond strength (μ-TBS) was measured. It was found that IDS application improved not only the μ-TBS, but also the bonding reliability and durability of the CAD/CAM restoration. In particular, the S restoration exhibited the highest-performance as regards both robust bond strength and stable bonding.

This study examined the influences of clinical application of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and temporary restoration (TR) on prepared abutment surfaces on the bonding of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic crown restorations after cyclic loading. Standardized abutments were prepared in 60 human mandibular premolars. Dentin surfaces of half of the specimens were sealed with adhesive and flowable composite, while those of the other half were not sealed. A half of both sealed and non-sealed specimens were restored using a temporary cement and temporary crown. Each individual CAD/CAM ceramic crown was fabricated and cemented to an individual abutment. The restored specimens were subjected to cyclic loading, and the micro tensile bond strengths (μ-TBS) were measured. IDS contributed to an increase in the bond strength, whereas TR did not affect the bond strength. IDS restoration without TR yielded the maximum bond reliability in achieve specific μ-TBS values for the restoration and ensuring durability against debonding.

To examine the bonding state of metal-free CAD/CAM onlay restorations made from two popular resin composite blocks and a typical glass-ceramic block after cyclic loading, with and without immediate dentin sealing (IDS). Standardized mesial-distal-occlusalbuccal (MODB) cavities in 24 extracted human molars were prepared. The intra-cavity dentin surfaces of half of the cavities were immediately sealed with all-in-one adhesive and flowable composite, while those of the other half were not. All cavities were scanned, from which CAD/CAM onlays were fabricated from three types of block and cemented with an adhesive resin cement system. The restored specimens were subjected to cyclic loading and the intra-cavity microtensile bond strength was measured. IDS improves not only the internal bond strength, but also the bond reliability of metal-free CAD/CAM onlay restorations. The resin composite block seems to be more effective than a typical glass-ceramic block for achieving both high bond strength and excellent bond reliability.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the barrier function of platelet-induced epithelial sheets on titanium surfaces. The lack of functional peri-implant epithelial sealing with basal lamina (BL) attachment at the interface of the implant and the adjacent epithelium allows for bacterial invasion, which may lead to peri-implantitis. Although various approaches have been reported to combat bacterial infection by surface modifications to titanium, none of these have been successful in a clinical application. In our previous study, surface modification with protease-activated receptor 4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP), which induced platelet activation and aggregation, was successful in demonstrating epithelial attachment via BL and epithelial sheet formation on the titanium surface. We hypothesized that the platelet-induced epithelial sheet on PAR4-AP-modified titanium surfaces would reduce bacterial attachment, penetration, and invasion. Titanium surface was modified with PAR4-AP and incubated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The aggregated platelets released collagen IV, a critical BL component, onto the PAR4-AP-modified titanium surface. Then, human gingival epithelial cells were seeded on the modified titanium surface and formed epithelial sheets. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli was cultured onto PAR4-AP-modified titanium with and without epithelial sheet formation. While Escherichia coli accumulated densely onto the PAR4-AP titanium lacking epithelial sheet, few Escherichia coli were observed on the epithelial sheet on the PAR4-AP surface. No bacterial invasion into the interface of the epithelial sheet and the titanium surface was observed. These in vitro results indicate the efficacy of a platelet-induced epithelial barrier that functions to prevent bacterial attachment, penetration, and invasion on PAR4-AP-modified titanium.

Interim restoration protects abutment teeth and periodontal tissues until prosthetic treatment ends with the fabrication of a definitive prosthesis, restores and maintains the functions and morphology of the stomatognathic system, and preserves the occlusal contact relationship. Temporary prostheses are used for a short time, to confirm the diagnosis and treatment plan. However, because interim restorations are used only briefly, their importance in ensuring the success of definitive prostheses is often overlooked. This review includes a comprehensive literature review of interim restoration of molars and summarizes the current clinical understanding and status of this functionally important area. Peerreviewed publications were identified by searching PubMed in November 2018. An interim restoration, even when used briefly, can help dentists evaluate many aspects of the treatment plan and contribute to accurate prognosis of prosthetic treatment.