ABSTRACT

Pendahuluan: Pembentukan biofilm sangat penting dalam patogenesis periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan bakteri yang banyak ditemukan pada plak gigi dan memiliki kemampuan membentuk biofilm demikian juga Candida albicans memiliki faktor virulensi yang dapat membantu kolonisasi dan proliferasi bakteri di dalam poket periodontal. Ekstrak kitosan kepiting rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) mempunyai potensi antimikrobial yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif terapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi kitosan kepiting rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dalam penghambatan biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Candida albicans. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental murni. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak kitosan kepiting rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) terhadap biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis dan biofilm Candida albicans.  Dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, di mana tiap kelompok terdiri dari 4 sampel. Kelompok K+ (kelompok kontrol positif), P1(kitosan 0,25%), P2 (kitosan 0,5%), P3 (kitosan 1%). Penghambatan biofilm ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode microtiter plate yang menghasilkan nilai optical density kemudian dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus persen penghambatan. Analisis data menggunakan one-way ANOVA diikuti dengan uji LSD. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan penghambatan biofilm dari kitosan Portunus pelagicus terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis (p<0,05) antara kelompok, kecuali K + dengan P3. Sedangkan untuk penghambatan Candida albicans menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam persentase penghambatan biofilm (p<0,05), antara kelompok K+ dengan P2 dan P3; kelompok P1 dengan P2 dan P3; kelompok P2 dengan P3. Simpulan: Kitosan Portunus pelagicus memiliki potensi dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis dan pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Kitosan Portunus pelagicus 1% memiliki efek antimikrobial terbesar pada biofilm.Kata kunci: Biofilm, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, kitosan portunus pelagicus, periodontitis. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Biofilm formation is important in periodontitis pathogenesis. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans, which are found in dental plaque and can form a biofilm, have virulence factor that facilitates the bacterial colonisation and proliferation in periodontal pockets. Chitosan extract of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) has antimicrobial potential which can be used as an alternative therapy. The objective of this research was to analyse the potential of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) chitosan in the inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans biofilms. Methods: This research was a pure experimental laboratory. This study used flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) chitosan to inhibit the biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans. The subjects were divided into four groups, where each group consisted of 4 samples. The K+ (positive control group), P1 (0.25% chitosan), P2 (0.5% chitosan), and P3 (1% chitosan). The biofilm inhibition was determined using the microtiter plate methods, which results in the value of optical density, then calculated using the inhibition formula percentage. Data analysis was conducted using the one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test. Results: There were significant differences in the Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm inhibition between groups (p < 0.05), except in group K+ with P3. Whereas for Candida albicans biofilm inhibition showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) between group K+ with P2 and P3; group P1 with P2 and P3; and group P2 with P3. Conclusion: The chitosan of flower crab (Portunus pelagicus) has the potential in inhibiting the biofilm formation of  Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans. The highest antibacterial effect on the biofilm formation is shown in the concentration of 1%.Keywords: Biofilm, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, chitosan, Portunus pelagicus, periodontitis.

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria are found in dental plaques and have the ability to form biofilms. Biofilms are collections of bacterial cells, which are tightly attached to a surface covered by an extracellular polymer matrix released by the bacteria. Periodontitis therapy generally uses tetracycline antibiotics which if used long-term can cause resistance. Chitosan Rajungan crab extract (Portunus pelagicus) has antimicrobial potential which can be used as an alternative therapy. Objective: To determine the antibacterial power of Rajungan crab chitosan extract (Portunus pelagicus) in various concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial biofilms. Method: This research was true experimental laboratorist. This study used Rajungan crab chitosan extract (Portunus pelagicus) to Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm tested by the test method biofilm. Divided into 5 groups, where each group consisted of 4 samples. The control group consisted of: K-(negative control group), K + (positive control group / tetracycline group), and 3 treatment groups, namely P1 (0.25% Rajungan crab chitosan), P2 (0.5% Rajungan crab chitosan) , P3 (1% Rajungan crab chitosan). Antibacterial power was determined by the value of Optical density in the ELISA Reader. Data analysis using One Way ANOVA followed by LSD test. Result: There were significant differences (p <0.05) seen from the percentage of biofilm inhibition in the negative control group for all groups, the positive control group for the crab crab chitosan extract concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5%. Conclusion: The chitosan crab chitosan extract (Portunus pelagicus) with 1% concentration has the greatest antibacterial effect on the Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm.

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Dental implant is a device that is surgically implanted into the soft tissue or into the jaw bone. dental implants have become the treatment of choice for replacing missing teeth. Platelet rich plasma and platelet concentration derived from autologous blood containing autologous growth factors in which the platelet rich plasma can improve wound healing and increase the regeneration of bone. today cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been available for 3D visualization of craniofacial section. CBCT 3 D is able to provide information on the general bone mineral density. </em><strong><em>Purpose:</em></strong><em> </em><em>       T</em><em>he purpose</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>this studywas to determine thebone mineral density</em><em> </em><em>by</em><em> </em><em>three</em><em>-dimensional radiographic</em><em> </em><em>picture</em><em> </em><em>after</em><em> </em><em>dental</em><em> </em><em>implant placementbyan additional</em><em> </em><em>plateletrich plasma.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Material and Method:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>This study was divided into 2 groups. The first placement of a dental implant with platelet rich plasma and the second placement of a dental implant without platelet rich plasma. <strong>Results:</strong> there are significant differences in dental implant placement with platelet rich plasma and placement of dental implants without platelet rich plasma. In the test results obtained Independent T test (p = 0.02). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was an increase bone mineral density in dental implant placement with platelet rich plasma were performed using three-dimensional radiographic examination (CBCT).</em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Dental implant, platelet rich plasma, CBCT, bone density</em></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Dianty Saptaswari, Widyatuti, Yoifah Rizka Wedarti, Hansen Kurniawan</em><em> </em><em>Periodonsia Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya</em><em>, </em><em>Email : <a href="mailto:anthie.dent@gmail.com">anthie.dent@gmail.com</a></em></p>