BackgroundDiabetes, a rising global health problem, requires continuous self-care practice to prevent acute and chronic complications. However, studies show that few diabetes patients practice the recommended self-care in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with self-care practice among adult diabetes patients in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 257 diabetes patients (mean age 42.9 ± 14.6 years, 54.1% male) completed the survey in Afan Oromo and Amharic languages. A questionnaire consisting standardized tools was used to collect the data. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.ResultsThe mean score for diabetes self-care was 39.8 ± 9.5 and 45.5% of the participants scored below the mean. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that having higher diabetes knowledge (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.22, 4.80), self-efficacy (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.64, 6.62), social support (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.37, 5.96), secondary school education (AOR = 6.0, 95% CI = 1.90, 18.85), and longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 5.55, 95% CI = 2.29, 13.44) were important predictors of good diabetes self-care practice.ConclusionThe diabetes education programs should use strategies that enhance patients’ diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support. Patients with recent diabetes diagnosis need special attention as they may relatively lack knowledge and skills in self-care. Further studies are needed to elucidate pathways through which diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, and health literacy affect diabetes self-care.

Background - Acute kidney injury is an emerging global public health problem significantly associated with increased in morbidity, mortality, and extra cost incurred. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury that is not well investigated in developing countries including Ethiopia. Objective - To assess the incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having follow-ups in Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals. Methods - Institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 538 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2020, by systematic random sampling. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to compare survival time between different categories of explanatory variables. Cox proportional hazard was used to determine significant predictors and proportional hazard assumptions were checked by plotting cox Snell’s residual and global test. Results - the incidence rate of acute kidney injury among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was 38 per 10,000 person-months observations. The significant predictors were poor glycemic control [AHR (95% CI) 1.70(1.06, 2.74)], Hypertension [AHR (95% CI) 2.36(1.17, 4.79)], Congestive heart failure [AHR (95% CI) 1.79(1.11, 2.89)], Chronic kidney disease [AHR (95% CI) 2.02(1.23, 3.33)], Dyslipidemia [AHR (95% CI) 2.57(1.40, 4.70)], Diabetic nephropathy [AHR (95% CI) 2.08(1.24, 3.51)], Sepsis [AHR (95% CI) 2.96(1.87, 4.70)] and Body mass index((> 30 & 25-29.9 kg/m2); [AHR (95% CI) 4.24(1.98, 9.07) and 2.84(1.50, 5.38) respectively)]. Conclusion - the incidence of acute kidney injury among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was relatively higher in this study area than in previous studies. Implementing good glycemic control, close monitoring of comorbidities, infection prevention, and weight reduction were vital to reducing the incidence of acute kidney injury in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background Management of postoperative pain leads to positive patient progress and shortens the duration of hospital stay. Nurses, who are the majority in almost all hospitals and spend most of their time with the patients, are expected to play big role in the postoperative pain management practice. However, there is paucity of information regarding postoperative pain management practice and its associated factors among nurses. Objective To assess postoperative pain management practice and associated factors among nurses working at public hospitals, in Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods Institutional based cross sectional study was employed among randomly selected 377 nurses working at public hospitals in Oromia region, Ethiopia. Data was collected by distributing structured self-administered questionnaires that adapted from different literatures. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Variables with significant association in the bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable regression analysis to identify the independent factors associated with nurses’ postoperative pain management practice. Significant factors were declared at P<0.05. Result The result showed that, 66% of nurses had good pain management practice. Nurses favorable attitude towards post-operative pain management [AOR: 4.698, 95% CI: (2.725-8.100)], having access to read pain management guideline [AOR: 3.112, 95% CI: (1.652-5.862)], adequate knowledge of post-operative pain management [AOR: 2.939, 95% CI: (1.652-5.227)], working at Operation Room [AOR: 2.934, 95% CI: (1.27-6.795)] and received training on pain management [AOR: 3.289, 95% CI: (1.461-7.403)] were significantly associated with the practices of postoperative pain management. Conclusion and recommendation Sixty six percent of participants (nurses) have a good level of practice of postoperative pain management. Training on post-operative pain management (POPM), access to pain management guidelines, knowledge and attitude are significant factors in post-operative pain management practice. Governmental and other bodies concerned to post-operative care quality needs to show commitment on availing infrastructures like pain management guideline and improving nurses knowledge and attitude.

Background: Patient preferences mean the choices of individuals to make decisions about health and medical treatment by using their own experiences, beliefs, and values. The aim of this study was to assess patient preferences in shared decision making during healthcare and associated factors among adult admitted patients at public hospitals of West Shoa Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among adult admitted patients at public hospitals of West Shoa Oromia, Ethiopia. An interviewer-administered with the Control Preference Scale questionnaire instrument tool was used to assess patient preferences in shared decision making. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for windows program version 21. Results: A total of 403 respondents participated. Out of the total respondents, 168 (41.7%) were females. Overall, 64.8% (n=261) of the respondents prefer a collaborative role in shared decision making. Age (AOR 4.11,, marital status (AOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.20-0.68), and education level (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.13-4.87) are significant in patient preference in shared decision making. Conclusion and Recommendation:More than half of respondents 261 (64.8%) prefer shared decision making in a collaborative role with healthcare providers. Age, marital status, and level of education are factors associated with the patient preferences in shared decision making. The Ethiopian ministry of health should work on policy of shared decision making. Healthcare providers have to consider patients in shared decision making.

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