This research contributes to the knowledge and understanding of some aspects of the professional practice of primary education teachers in the Region of Murcia (Spain), and its possible effect on the creation of situations of educational exclusion. For this purpose, an instrument called EPREPADI-1 (Scale of Perception of Primary Education Teachers on their Training and Professional Practice in relation to Pupils with Disabilities) has been developed. The design and structure of the instrument includes important aspects that seek to highlight teachers’ views and knowledge of educational legislation (international, national and regional), their views on nomenclatures (such as those of persons with disabilities and inclusive education), as well as their assessment of the use of language of denial in relation to pupils with lower functional performance. Furthermore, after the statistical tests carried out for the validation of the scale (Kendall’s W test and Cronbach’s Alpha), values were obtained that give the instrument excellent validity and reliability (both for the group of experts and also for the pilot group), which is why its use and application is recommended.
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir la percepción del alumnado de sexto grado de educación primaria al respecto de las personas que se encuentran en situación de discapacidad, así como también en relación con sus iguales que tienen un bajo desempeño funcional. Se aplica la escala EPADI-1 a través de un muestreo intencional y no probabilístico que ha alcanzado una muestra de 429 alumnos (220 varones y 209 mujeres) de la Región de Murcia (España). Los resultados obtenidos a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio ha hallado la presencia de cinco factores que dan respuesta a los objetivos de la investigación. Se concluye que los procesos de inclusión continúan siendo insuficientes, ya que las percepciones que los estudiantes mantienen al respecto de las personas que se encuentran en situación de discapacidad, así como también hacia sus propios compañeros con bajo desempeño funcional, sostienen una mirada estereotipada que desemboca en la creación de situaciones de exclusión hacia dichas personas.
This article collects the educational path derived from the significant changes that have taken place throughout the recent history of education in Spain and, specifically, in relation to people with disabilities. As a starting point, an analysis is carried out of the transformations that have occurred in the discourse on the education of people with lower functional performance, until a historical approach is reached by virtue of which the different stages and binding educational regulations are revealed (with national and international character), highlighting‒exclusively–those that have a direct impact on the quality of life of people in a situation of disabilities. As can be imagined, the history of education in Spain has evolved as policies have changed their purposes around the diversity of students and their universality in the classroom. In this sense, the need to make visible this new paradigm of human rights derived from the International Convention on the Rights of Persons in a situation of Disabilities (UN, 2006) and, in contrast, the continuity of a national corpus juris that reveals the ineffectiveness of the State and other institutions to extinguish situations of discrimination on the grounds of low functional performance.
a un grupo de jueces expertos y a un grupo piloto. Las pruebas estadísticas incluyen el W de Kendall y el alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados destacan la visión que el propio alumnado mantiene de las personas con menor desempeño funcional, todo ello a través de una serie de ítems que han sido específicamente diseñados al respecto de sus experiencias escolares, y siempre dando observancia al Artículo 24 (derecho a la educación) de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (CRPD, en inglés). Se concluye que la escala EPADI-1 tiene valores que conceden una excelente validez y fiabilidad del instrumento, quedando lista para su aplicación extensiva.
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