The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the radiological and pathological findings of a wide spectrum of neurogenic tumours of the thorax according to their anatomical location and histological subtype. Knowledge of these findings will narrow the differential diagnosis and provide guidance for patient management.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. In particular, primary MPNST of the breast is extremely rare. We report a case of a giant malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour involving the entire right breast, which was not associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) or previous radiation therapy. A CT scan showed a huge heterogeneous soft tissue mass with well-enhanced nodules at its periphery and low-density internal necrosis, which was confirmed by modified radical mastectomy.

We report an extremely rare case of Behçet disease complicated by diffuse alveolar damage, which was fatal in this patient. It manifested as progressive diffuse ground-glass attenuation in both lungs on chest radiographs and high-resolution CT. Ground-glass attenuation was confirmed histopathologically as diffuse alveolar damage without identified etiology by open lung biopsy.

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