The osteoblast itself had a strong function of autophagy. The appropriate concentration of SN50 in blocking the NF-κB pathway of the osteoblast was associated with the obvious inhibition of autophagy. However, the relationship between NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy in the process of tooth eruption requires further study.

This research aimed to observe the clinical effects of iRoot-BP along with collagen sponge applied in apical barrier surgery. 46 immature teeth were divided into traumatic group (n =25) and non-traumatic group (n =21) according to the etiology of necrotic pulps. While depending on whether collagen sponges are used during the apical barrier surgery, the 46 teeth were randomly divided into non-collagen group (n = 23) and collagen group (n = 23). Patients were scheduled for follow-up during 12 months to undergo clinical and radiological examination. The etiological analysis showed that the failure of both groups were caused by trauma, which indicated that there might be a negative correlation between trauma and success rate of periapical tissue healed (χ2 = 2.696, P = 0.10). Healing results of apical lesions indicated that 22 affected teeth in collagen group and 21 affected teeth in non-collagen healed well, without clinical and imaging manifestations of failure (χ2 = 0.357, P = 0.55). Assessment results of root sustainable growth suggested that the incomplete tooth roots in collagen group had different degrees of growth, with an average increase of about 2 mm (P <0.05). The combined application of iRoot-BP and collagen sponge in apical barrier surgery can promote immature roots formation, and make them more similar to normal roots formation.

Background/Aim Placement of biocompatible material to obtain a good apical stop is one of the important factors that determine the success of apical barriers. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the apical plug performed using iRoot-BP, with or without collagen sponge in immature teeth with necrotic pulp, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical application. Materials and Methods Forty-six immature teeth with necrotic pulps were included in this study. Teeth were equally divided and randomly assigned to two groups: sponge group (group KD) or control group (group NC). During apical barriers, apical plug performed with iRoot-BP or sponge + iRoot-BP followed by a permanent restoration. Blinded clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at baseline, immediate post-operative and after 3, 6 and 12 months, according to the pre-determined clinical and radiographic criteria. Results ①The evaluation results of apical lesion healing showed that 22 treated teeth in group KD (95.7%) and 21 treated teeth in group NC (91.3%) showed no clinical or radiographic signs of failure during the follow-up period (χ2 = 0.357, P = 0.55). ②The results of continuous root growth assessment showed that the root of affected teeth in group KD increased by 2 mm on average. There was statistically significant difference between group KD and group NC(P < 0.05). Conclusion Whether collagen sponge is added, iRoot-BP showed similar clinical and radiographic outcomes when used as apical barriers materials in the treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps. However, the application of collagen sponge combined with iRoot-BP in apical barriers can promote root development of immature teeth, which is closer to the formation of normal root.