In this paper, we present an adaptive bulRering scheme for implementing intra-stream and inter-stream synchronization in the real-time multimedia applications. The essence o f the proposed scheme is to dynamically enforce buffering delays tal the incoming media streams in order t o piecewisely smooth the end-to-end del a y variation. A control mechanism based on an efftcient eventcounting algorithm is employed to calibrate the PllayOut Clocks (POCs), which manage the presentations of multimedia streams. The proposed synchronization algorithm is simple, robust, and does not rely on the globally synchronized clock. It virtually works with any network delay distribution.The proposed synchronization scheme has been implemented in our experimental teleconference system which consists of separately controllable audio, video, and data channels. The modular structure of synchronization control provides the flexibility to maintain arbitrary synchronization group. This paper also shows the experimental results with respect to the mull imedia traffic across an FDDI/Ethernet network.

In this paper, we present an adaptive buffering scheme for implementing intra-stream and inter-stream synchronization in real-time multimedia applications. The essence of the proposed scheme is to dynamically enforce equalized delays to incoming media streams, in order to piece-wise smooth the network delay variations and to synchronize the streams at the sink. An adaptive control mechanism based on an event-counting algorithm is employed to calibrate the PlayOut Clocks (POCs), which manages the presentations of multimedia data. The algorithm does not rely on globally synchronized clock and makes minimal assumption on underlying network delay distribution. Also, the user defined quality of service (QoS) specifications can be directly incorporated into the design parameters of the synchronization algorithm. The proposed synchronization scheme has been experimentally implemented in a teleconference system which consists of separately controllable audio, video, and data channels. The modular structure of the synchronization control provides the flexibility to maintain an arbitrary synchronization group in conjunction with a distributed conference management scheme. This paper also shows the experimental results of the test implementation and the suitability of the proposed scheme with respect to the multimedia traffic across an FDDI/Ethernet network.

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