ObjectivesZZThe purpose of this study was to investigate the manner by which social anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, and depression influence suicidal ideation in adolescents.MethodsZZThis study involved 1320 middle school students. All participants completed several self-assessment questionnaires. Correlations among variables were assessed, and multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between variables and suicidal ideation. Finally, a structural equation model was used to determine the pathways by which the tested variables can influence suicidal ideation.ResultsZZSymptoms of social anxiety were positively correlated with depression and suicidal ideation, but were negatively correlated with self-esteem. Additionally, multiple regression analysis revealed that social anxiety symptoms, depression, and self-esteem were significantly related to suicidal ideation. The influence of social anxiety symptoms on suicidal ideation was associated with an increase in depression, whereas self-esteem acted as an intermediary between social anxiety symptoms and depression.ConclusionZZThe results of the present study demonstrate that social anxiety symptoms can directly increase depression and lower self-esteem, which in turn can increase the risk of suicidal ideation. Thus, it may be possible to prevent depression and ultimately lower the risk of suicide in adolescents by pursuing programs designed for the early detection of social anxiety symptoms and by using intervention programs that improve self-esteem.J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2016;55(4):450-457 KEY WORDSZZ Adolescent · Social anxiety · Self-esteem · Depression · Suicidal ideation.

Background: An evidence-based guideline was formed that addresses several questions regarding pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among tobacco-dependent adults. Methods: The multidisciplinary guideline panel selected seven clinical key questions and adopted the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-ADOLOPMENT methodology. The recommendations were verified through literature search and selection, evidence synthesis and evaluation, and the recommendation grade selection process. Results: For smoking cessation in general population, our recommendation is to use varenicline rather than the nicotine patch or bupropion. We conditionally suggest combining varenicline with a nicotine patch instead of using varenicline alone. As for the duration of treatment, we recommend using extended-duration therapy (more than 12 weeks) rather than standard-duration therapy (6-12 weeks). For tobacco-dependent adults who are not yet ready to quit smoking, we recommend initiating treatment with varenicline rather than waiting for them to be ready. In special populations, for adults with a comorbid psychiatric condition, varenicline is preferred over the nicotine patch. Additionally, pharmacotherapy is strongly recommended for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusion: Seven recommendations that focused on drug treatment for smoking cessation were developed. Moreover, the guideline panel expects that following these guidelines will increase the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention.