Influence of structural disorder on magnetic and transport properties of ( La 0.7 Sr 0.3 ) 0.5 ( Pr 0.65 Ca 0.35 ) 0.5 MnO 3 films Low Temp.

Epitaxial (Fe,Mn)3O4 thin films are patterned into nanochannels using molybdenum/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanomasks realized by combining local anodic oxidation of Mo and dry etching of PMMA. Nanostructures on the 100 nm scale can be easily fabricated by subsequent wet chemical etching with H3PO4 (see figure). (Fe,Mn)3O4 nanochannels open the possibility of fabricating spin‐polarized nanocircuits for room‐temperature spintronics.

Interfacial interactions between calcined hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals and surface-modified substrates were investigated by measuring adsorption behavior and adhesion strength with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a contact-mode atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. The goal was to develop better control of HAp-nanocrystal coatings on biomedical materials. HAp nanocrystals with rodlike or spherical morphology were prepared by a wet chemical process followed by calcination at 800 degrees C with an antisintering agent to prevent the formation of sintered polycrystals. The substrate surface was modified by chemical reaction with a low-molecular-weight compound, or graft polymerization with a functional monomer. QCM measurement showed that the rodlike HAp nanocrystals adsorbed preferentially onto anionic COOH-modified substrates compared to cationic NH2- or hydrophobic CH3-modified substrates. On the other hand, the spherical nanocrystals adsorbed onto NH2- and COOH-modified substrates, which indicates that the surface properties of the HAp nanocrystals determined their adsorption behavior. The adhesion strength, which was estimated from the force required to move the nanocrystal in contact-mode AFM, on a COOH-grafted substrate prepared by graft polymerization was almost 9 times larger than that on a COOH-modified substrate prepared by chemical reaction with a low-molecular-weight compound, indicating that the long-chain polymer grafted on the substrate mitigated the surface roughness mismatch between the nanocrystal and the substrate. The adhesion strength of the nanocrystal bonded covalently by the coupling reaction to a Si(OCH3)-grafted substrate prepared by graft polymerization was approximately 1.5 times larger than that when adsorbed on the COOH-grafted substrate.

The efficiency of 17.8% on a 30 × 30cm 2 -sized Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 (CIS)-based thin-film submodule was achieved. The device structure is same as our previous works; monolithically integrated CIS-based cells on a Modeposited glass substrate with a Zn(O, S, OH) x buffer and a ZnO window. Current Progress was mainly brought by review of the band profile of the absorber layer. More specifically, fine tuning of the grading of Ga/(Ga+In) and S/(Se+S) ratio turned out to improve the value of V oc × J sc by a factor of as much as three percent.