We investigated the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Japanese chronic hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients (n = 1041) were screened for occult HBV. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody, and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) was determined by various chemiluminescent immunoassays. HBV-DNA was quantified in patients positive for anti-HBc using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among the 1041 patients, six (0.6%) were HBsAg-positive and 218 (20.9%) were anti-HBc-positive. All HBsAg-positive patients also tested positive for the presence of HBV DNA. Of 212 HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-positive patients, three were positive for HBV DNA. Our study showed that the prevalence of occult HBV infection in chronic hemodialysis patients from eastern Japan was 0.3%.

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