Three ganglioside molecular species, HPG‐8, HPG‐3, and HPG‐1, have been obtained from the polar fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber Holothuriapervicax. The structures of these gangliosides have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. They represent new ganglioside molecular species. HPG‐8 is a sulfated monosialo‐ganglioside, while HPG‐3 and HPG‐1 are disialo‐gangliosides possessing 2→4‐linked tandem‐type disialosyl moieties. These three gangliosides qualitative neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC‐12 cells.

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A new ganglioside molecular species named AG-1 has obtained from the whole body of starfish Acanthaster planci (crown of thorns). The structure of this ganglioside have been elucidated by enzymatic hydrolysis with the endo-type glycosidase. Enzymatic hydrolysis gave an oligosaccharide and ceramides, quantitatively. The oligosaccharide moiety was determined mainly using 2D-NMR experiments as β-Fucf-(1Ǟ4)-α-Galp-(1Ǟ4)-α-NeuAc-(2Ǟ3)-β-Galp-(1Ǟ4)-Glcp.