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A Mongolian gerbil model was used to clarify whether long-term colonization by Helicobacter pylori is an important risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Fifty-nine gerbils (3 controls and 56 gerbils inoculated with H. pylori) were killed at various times (average, 23 months) more than 12 months after H. pylori inoculation. In the H. pylori-inoculated group, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed in the pylorus of 1 gerbil, and carcinoid was observed in the fundus of the stomach in 18 gerbils. No lesions were found in the stomachs of the 3 control gerbils. The results imply that long-term colonization by H. pylori is an important risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and carcinoid.

SUMMARY Fifty-six surgical specimens with various ulcerative intestinal disorders were microscopically investigated for evidence of gastric gland metaplasia. Thirty-one specimens (55.4%) showed pyloric gland metaplasia. Among the 31 patients with pyloric gland metaplasia, five showed true gastric metaplasia, consisting of parietal cells, chief cells, and mucous neck cells. The percentage of true gastric metaplasia among pyloric gland metaplasia was as high as 16 %, an overall frequency of 9% among various ulcerative intestinal disorders. The mechanism of pyloric gland metaplasia and true gastric metaplasia is not understood, but may occur secondary to submucosal response to ulcer healing and subsequent alteration of the intraluminal condition in the intestine.A congenital type of aberrant gastric gland-that is, gastric heterotopia in the intestine-has been frequently encountered in patients with Meckel's diverticulum, less frequently with intestinal duplication (Ripstein, 1949;Stockman et al., 1960;Duffy et al., 1974) and other miscellaneous conditions (Lee et al., 1970), while the acquired type of gastric gland-that is, gastric metaplasia-has rarely been found. Several authors have reported on pyloric gland metaplasia in various intestinal disorders (Liber, 1951;Antonius et al., 1960) and a few authors have reported on gastric metaplasia in the duodenum (James, 1964;Hoedemaeker, 1970 mucous neck cells among 31 cases which exhibited pyloric gland metaplasia in the small and large intestine. MethodsA series of 56 specimens of intestinal disorders showing benign ulcerative lesions was investigated for evidence of gastric metaplasia. All the surgical specimens were selected from patients who were admitted from 1965 to 1975 to the Second Department of Surgery at Nagoya University School of Medicine and the Yokoyama Gastrointestinal Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. Neither biopsy specimen nor post mortem materials was included in this study.In the interpretation of histological lesions, the term 'pyloric gland metaplasia' was used for glands resembling those of the pyloric region, and the term 'true gastric metaplasia' for glands consisting of parietal cells, chief cells, and mucous neck cells. ResultsOf the total 56 specimens, pyloric gland metaplasia of varying degrees was demonstrated in 31 (54 4 %) as shown in the

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A series of novel 7-substituted 1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids have been prepared and tested for antibacterial activities and for convulsive activities in combination with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. Structure-activity relationships revealed that 7-(2-(aminomethyl)morpholino) derivative 28 had a better Gram-positive activity than the reference quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. Its Gram-negative activity was equipotent with those of norfloxacin and ofloxacin but was inferior to that of ciprofloxacin. In mouse systemic infection models, 28 showed an excellent therapeutic efficacy which might result from the potent antibacterial activity and suitable physicochemical properties. Convulsive activities of 7-morpholino derivatives in combination with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug fenbufen or its metabolite biphenylacetic acid markedly diminished as compared to those of 7-piperazino derivatives in the electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral experiments. These results suggest that 28 (Y-26611) is a novel quinolone with reduced neurotoxic excitatory adverse reaction.