No abstract

Preservation of cluster 1 small cell lung cancer antigen in zinc-formalin fixative and its application to immunohistological diagnosisMonoclonal antibodies reactive with cluster 1 small cell concentration of 2% (v/w) greatly improved antigen lung cancer antigen have been shown to be useful for the immunoreactivity, and reactivity was retained even distinction of small cell from non-small cell tumours. In after prolonged fixation. Occasionally, immunoreactiprevious studies the antibodies have been applied to vity was present in a poorly differentiated adenocarcifrozen sections and cold acetone-fixed tissues. However, noma with rosette-like structures. The monoclonal one of three monoclonal antibodies that we produced, antibody NCC-LU-243 is thus of considerable potential NCC-LU-243, reacted with some small cell lung carcino-value in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of small mas 6xed in formalin solution and embedded in paraffin.cell lung cancers. The addition ofzinc sulphate to the formalin solution at a Keywords: small cell lung cancer, cluster 1 antigen, immunohistochemistry, monoclonal antibody NCC-LU-243, zinc-formalin fixative

The periodic acid-methenamine silver staining technique, which is frequently used for demonstrating the renal glomerular basement membrane, require a high degree of skill, and in some cases it may be difficult t o obtain a p o d result To overcome such difficulty and inconsistency, we have improved the method by performing methenamine silver staining after oxidation with periodic acid and subsequent application of thi-aubazide.In this procedure, this semicarbazide enhanced the reaction of methenamine silver with the glomcrular basement membrane and the reaction was completed within a shorter time in comparison with the conventional method. This modification also eliminated any nonspecific W o n with the surface of the glass slide and the solution container and yielded excellent and reproducible results irrespective of the fixation method and material employed. It wpll also. found to stain the renal glomerular basement membrane of rabbits, which is demonstrable only with difficulty by the conventional method. ABSTRACT.Biotech Histochem Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Nyu Medical Center on 11/03/14For personal use only.

A newly devised, simple and highly reproducible method for fungal staining is reported. Grocott's method, in which methenamine-silver nitrate solution is employed, has been widely used for the staining of fungi in tissue sections, but it frequently produces heavy background staining because of sudden and progressive reaction in the methenamine-silver nitrate solution. We therefore replace the latter solution with an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. This new method yields more consistent results in fungal staining without background staining, since the reaction time in the ammoniacal silver nitrate solution is prolonged. The present method is considered superior to Grocott's method with regard to its simplicity and reproducibility.

Local cryotherapy is widely used as a treatment for sports-related skeletal muscle injuries. The molecular mechanisms are unknown. To clarify these mechanisms, we applied one to three 15-min cold stimulations at 4 °C to various cell lines (in vitro), the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle (ex vivo), and mouse limbs (in vivo). In the in vitro assay, cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) was markedly phosphorylated (p-CREB1), and the CREB-binding protein (CBP) was recruited to p-CREB-1 in response to two or three cold stimulations. In a reporter assay with the cAMP-responsive element, the signals significantly increased after two to three cold stimulations at 4 °C. In the ex vivo study, CREB-targeting genes were significantly upregulated following two or three cold stimulations. The in vivo experiment disclosed that cold stimulation of a mouse limb for 9 days significantly increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and upregulated genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The results suggest that local cryotherapy increases CREB transcription and upregulates CREB-targeting genes, in a manner dependent on cold stimulation frequency and duration. This information will inform further investigations into local cryotherapy as a treatment for sports-related skeletal muscle trauma.