In recent years, rapid technological advances have required the development of energy-related devices. In this regard, Supercapacitors (SCs) have been reported to be one of the most potential candidates to meet the demands of human’s sustainable development owing to their unique properties such as outstanding cycling life, safe operation, low processing cost, and high power density compared to the batteries. This review describes the concise aspects of SCs including charge-storage mechanisms and scientific principles design of SCs as well as energy-related performance. In addition, the most important performance parameters of SCs, such as the operating potential window, electrolyte, and full cell voltage, are reviewed. Researches on electrode materials are crucial to SCs because they play a pivotal role in the performance of SCs. This review outlines recent research progress of carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides, sulfides, hydroxides, MXenes, and metal nitrides. Finally, we give a brief outline of SCs’ strategic direction for future growth.

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The α‐MnS nanoflakes/rGO sheets were obtained via a facile one‐step hydrothermal approach using carbon disulfide as sulfur source, and ethylenediamine as a complexing agent which forms a complex with Mn2+ ions. Oil droplets of carbon disulfide and water are bridged via the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature of ethylenediamine. α‐MnS/rGO was successfully co‐doped by nitrogen and sulfur by the action of ethylenediamine and CS2, respectively. The as‐prepared material exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance with a remarkable specific capacitance of 700 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, high rate capability of 66.65% retention at 20 A g−1 and superior cycling stability of 127% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. To further explore the electrochemical performance of α‐MnS/rGO, a hybrid supercapacitor device was assembled using the α‐MnS/rGO as a positive electrode and an activated carbon as a negative electrode. The fabricated device exhibits the highest energy density of 38.13 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 850 W kg−1 and still retains 21.25 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 17 kW kg−1. These superior results demonstrate that the α‐MnS/rGO nanoflakes electrode can be considered as a promising material for high‐performance supercapacitors.

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