A Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CNURIC013 T , was isolated from seawater collected on the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CNURIC013 T belonged to the genus Tenacibaculum, within the family Flavobacteriaceae. Sequence similarities between the novel strain and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Tenacibaculum were 93.6-96.0 %, the highest value being with Tenacibaculum litopenaei B-I T (96 %). The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 34.5 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH; 26.0 %), iso-C 15 : 0 (24.4 %), iso-C 15 : 1 G (18.5 %) and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (8.1 %). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid and nine unknown polar lipids. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain CNURIC013 T represents a novel species within the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum jejuense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CNURIC013 T (5KCTC 22618 T 5JCM 15975 T ).The genus Tenacibaculum was first proposed by Suzuki et al. (2001), who described Tenacibaculum mesophilum and Tenacibaculum amylolyticum and reclassified Flexibacter maritimus (Wakabayashi et al., 1986) and Flexibacter ovolyticus (Hansen et al., 1992) as Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum ovolyticum, respectively. The genus Tenacibaculum belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae and currently comprises 15 recognized species isolated from different marine habitats. T. maritimum, T. ovolyticum, Tenacibaculum discolor, Tenacibaculum aiptasiae and Tenacibaculum soleae were isolated from diseased marine animals (Wakabayashi et al., 1986;Hansen et al., 1992;Wang et al., 2008; Piñeiro-Vidal et al., 2008a, b). Although T. mesophilum, Tenacibaculum adriaticum and Tenacibaculum crassostreae were also isolated from marine animals (Suzuki et al., 2001;Heindl et al., 2008;Lee et al., 2009), T. amylolyticum was isolated from marine macroalgae (Suzuki et al., 2001), Tenacibaculum lutimaris, Tenacibaculum litoreum and Tenacibaculum aestuarii were isolated from tidal-flat sediments (Yoon et al., 2005;Choi et al., 2006;Jung et al., 2006) and Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, Tenacibaculum litopenaei and Tenacibaculum gallaicum were isolated from seawater (Frette et al., 2004;Sheu et al., 2007; Piñeiro-Vidal et al., 2008a). In this study, a Tenacibaculumlike bacterial strain, CNURIC013 T , was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea, before its taxonomy was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CNURIC013 T was isolated, using a standard dilutionplating technique, on marine agar 2216 (MA; Difco), after incubation at 25 u C for 5 days. Subcultivation was routinely performed on MA at 30 u C for 3 days under aerobic conditions and the strain was preserved at 280 u C in marine broth (M...
Hyunsoonleella jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater , was isolated from a seawater sample collected on the coastline of Jeju Island, South Korea. The strain was strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and oxidase-and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CNU004 T belongs to a distinct lineage in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Strain CNU004 T exhibited levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.8-93.9 % to its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, members of the genera Gaetbulibacter, Yeosuana and Algibacter. The new isolate required sea salts or artificial seawater for growth. The optimum ranges of temperature and pH for growth were 30-35 6C and pH 7.0-8.0. The DNA G+C content of strain CNU004 T was 37.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH. Menaquinone-6 was the major respiratory quinone. Zeaxanthin was the major carotenoid pigment produced, and flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Strain CNU004 T was able to degrade starch and agar. Based on its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and on the phylogenetic evidence presented, strain CNU004 T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Hyunsoonleella jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hyunsoonleella jejuensis sp. nov. is CNU004The family Flavobacteriaceae (Reichenbach, 1989;Bernardet et al., 2002;Bernardet & Nakagawa, 2006) is one of the major phylogenetic lineages within the phylum Bacteroidetes (Garrity & Holt, 2001). At the time of writing, the family comprises more than 50 recognized genera. Many members of this family were isolated from various marine ecosystems and Antarctic habitats (Bowman et al., 1997(Bowman et al., , 1998Bowman, 2000;Bowman & Nichols, 2002Cho & Giovannoni, 2004;Nedashkovskaya et al., 2004;Nichols et al., 2005;Pinhassi et al., 2006). Members of most genera in the family Flavobacteriaceae produce light-to bright-yellow pigments. These pigments may belong to the carotenoid and/or the flexirubin types depending on the genus (Bernardet et al., 2002 et al., 2007). In the present study, we report the isolation, identification and characterization of a novel zeaxanthinproducing marine bacterium isolated from seawater. Strain CNU004T was isolated from a seawater sample collected along the coastline of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Serially diluted seawater samples were spread on marine agar 2216 (MA; Difco) and incubated at 30 u C for 3These authors contributed equally to this work.
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