As a novel power steering technology, Differential Drive Assisted Steering (DDAS) technology for the independent-wheel-drive electric vehicle has gradually appealed to researcher's attention. However, the previous experimental results show that its assistance quality cannot be fully accepted due to its caused sensitive steering wheel torque fluctuation in actual work environment. According to the working principle of the DDAS system, it is founded that the road roughness, the front wheel alignment parameters and sensor noise are the main factors that influence the quality of assisted steering and driver's road feel. Hence the three factors are added as interference into the ideal vehicle model. The simulation results and its comparison with the previous real vehicle tests confirm this causality between these factors considered and the steering wheel torque fluctuation of the DDAS system. Then a robust H ∞ loop-shaping controller is designed to solve the issue caused by these inner interferences and outer noises. Simulations results validate the proposed controller and show better steering wheel torque performance than the traditional anti-windup PID controller published in the literature earlier.The proposed robust controller is further verified via real vehicle tests and the results are similar to the simulation results which can effectively suppress the steering wheel torque ripple, improve the anti-interference ability of DDAS system and greatly improve the driver's road feel.

In this study, single-phase Cs0.33WO3 nanocrystals were synthesized by a novel mist chemical vapor deposition method. As prepared, Cs0.33WO3 nanocrystals exhibited a microsphere-like appearance constructed with angular crystal grains with an average size of about 30–40 nm. Characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that Cs0.33WO3 nanocrystals consisted of mixed chemical valence states of tungsten ions W6+ and W5+, inducing many free electrons, which could scatter and absorb near-infrared (NIR) photons by plasmon resonance. These Cs0.33WO3 microspheres consisted of a loose structure that could be crushed to nanoscale particles and was easily applied for producing long-term stable ink after milling. Herein, a Cs0.33WO3/polymer composite was successfully fabricated via the ultrasonic spray coating method using mixed Cs0.33WO3 ink and polyurethane acrylate solution. The composite coatings exhibited excellent IR shielding properties. Remarkably, only 0.9 mg cm−2 Cs0.33WO3 could shield more than 70% of NIR, while still maintaining the visible light transmittance higher than 75%. Actual measurement results indicate that it has really good heat insulation properties and shows good prospect in heat insulation window applications.

The performance of spray-coated polymer solar cells could be largely improved via morphologies and phase optimization by solvent engineering. However, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge and know-how in controlling blend morphology by using various solvents. Here, the effect of adding low polar benzene and non-halogen benzene derivatives with triple symmetric molecular has been systematically investigated and discussed. It is found that the triple symmetric non-halogen benzene could promote the formation of preferential face-on molecule orientation for PBDB-T-2Cl:IT4F films by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that PBDB-T-2Cl could be transported to the surface of the blend film during drying process. A 3D opt-digital microscope shows that triple symmetric non-halogen benzene could also improve the morphologies of active layers by reducing the coffee ring or other micro-defects. Due to the appropriate vapor pressures, devices with mixing 20% benzene or the triple symmetric non-halogen in spray solution could significantly improve the device performance. Device prepared using 20% 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and 80% chlorobenzene (CB) mixture solvent has the best morphology and phase structure, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device was increased nearly 60 to 10.21% compared with the device using CB as the only solvent.

Abstract. Based on the current status of China's auto industry, it elaborates on the characteristics of modern Chinese apprenticeships and combines the importance of modern apprenticeships in the auto repair majors of vocational colleges. It finds out problems existing in current governments, companies, schools, teachers, and students, and proposes The solution provides a reference for the development of modern apprenticeships in China's vocational colleges.

An organic solar cell (OSC) uses p-type and n-type organic layers sandwiched between a transparent electrode and a metallic electrode [...]