Objective: Influenza is one of the major causes of morbidity. This study summarized major components that influence college/university students’ use of the vaccination using Ecological System Theory; and evaluated racial differences in key predictors of influenza vaccination/intention. Data Source: Sixteen engines (e.g., PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Science Citation Index) were used to search for cross-sectional studies (2009-2019). Study Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: PI/CO criteria were applied (U.S. students, multidimensional ecological system, influenza vaccination/intention). Data Extraction: 25 cross-sectional studies were included from the initial 810 citations. Four reviewers performed the cross-checking. Data Synthesis and Results: Higher SES (e.g., education, vaccine affordability, healthcare resource) were positively associated with vaccination/intention. Under micro levels, both internal factors (e.g., positive beliefs, perceptions, attitudes) and external factors (e.g., supports/recommendations from physicians, families or peers, information, engagement in campus activities) enhanced influenza vaccination/intention of students. Meso level factors (private university, dorm-residence, or student housing) also influenced influenza vaccination/intention. Despite limited information on the effects of race on influenza vaccination, the current study synthesized the racial variances in vaccination behaviors of students. Conclusions: Enhancing positive beliefs, perceptions, or attitudes toward influenza vaccination with students is critical. Information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccination could be provided for students through official media, medical sources/physicians, campaigns, or internet websites. Family-to-student or peer-to-peer awareness campaigns could facilitate the vaccination of students.

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Non-financial firms have become substantially dependent on financial revenues. However, the timing and intensity of financialization vary by industry. We investigate variation in the level of financialization among different non-financial industries in the United States from 1980 to 2006. We first illustrate how unique incidents and regulatory changes influenced different industries’ financialization trajectories. We also conduct a statistical analysis to examine three types of industry-level determinants: profitability, uncertainty, and factor intensity. We find that these determinants have high explanatory power regarding interindustry variation in financialization. An industry-level analysis allows us to better understand the role of historical, institutional, and industrial factors in the financialization process which have been overlooked in structure-oriented research.

This article examines the financialization of the U.S. economy in the late twentieth century, with a focus on the role of industrial firms in the transition. This article explores how American industrial leaders’ reactions to the economic shocks of the 1970s influenced the rise of finance in the United States. Specifically, this article analyzes how the restrictive postwar financial regime gave way to a new liberal one, often represented by two vital shifts in the 1970s: the resurgence of global finance and the turn to austerity. It also demonstrates how leading industrialists’ preferences toward particular financial policies gave rise to different coalitions that affected policy orientation. It contributes to the financialization literature by clarifying the distinctive role of industrialists in American financialization. Furthermore, by situating financialization in the broader socioeconomic context, this article highlights the intersections of two important changes in the history of U.S. capitalism: financialization and the disintegration of the New Deal regime.