We propose and demonstrate an inline fiber optic power sensor (IFPS) resorting to an embedded waveguide tap, which is formed to traverse across the cladding and core of a standard single-mode fiber. The tap was produced via a single-step inscription based on the femtosecond laser direct-writing method. A tightly focused pulsed laser beam has been particularly exploited to suppress the elongation along the laser propagation direction, thereby improving the cross-sectional symmetry of the created tap waveguide. The fabricated fiber optic tap has been stably combined with a photodiode via a compact package. The achieved tap ratio could be tuned from 1.0% to 5.9% at the wavelength of 1550 nm by adjusting the applied laser power, while the induced excess loss was kept below 0.6 dB. The proposed IFPS will be highly suitable for real-time power monitoring in a variety of applications, including optical communication networks and systems.

A robust Raman fibre laser (RFL) for tunable and multiple outputs has been proposed using an all-fibre asymmetric cavity which is composed of a wideband chirped fibre Bragg grating (CFBG) and narrowband tunable fibre Bragg gratings (TFBGs). The wideband CFBG has high reflectivity across the spectral range from 1404 to 1465 nm as an input reflector. Output couplers (OCs) consist of three TFBGs with center wavelengths of 1410, 1425 and 1440 nm, respectively, which can each be tuned over 10 nm. The output power and wavelength can be flexibly controlled by tuning of TFBGs in the 14xx nm band.

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A low-cost Raman fibre laser for multiple wavelengths at 14xx nm has been proposed and demonstrated. Using asymmetric cavities, the Raman fibre laser provides flexible and easy complete solution of the desired multiple wavelengths output.

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