The purpose of this study was to examine how business size, investment opportunity set, and capital structure all affect the value of the company. Explanatory research was conducted for this study, which used secondary data in the form of financial statement data from companies in the banking sector listed on the Pakistani Stock Exchange for the ten years 2010–2019. Twenty-seven businesses were selected for the samples throughout the previous ten years using the purposive sampling technique. The AMOS application and the path analysis approach were both employed in this investigation. The findings of this study revealed that firm size and opportunity to invest set had a significant impact on firm value, whereas capital structure had no impact on firm value. This research suggests that investments, particularly in the banking sector, should have a solid foundation. Additionally, it is essential to evaluate several factors for listed firms, such as the size of the business and the range of investment opportunities, as it has been demonstrated that these factors can greatly increase a company's worth. Because it had no impact on the firm's value, the capital structure should be determined in the interim.

Hijabi women, a rapidly expanding market segment in the fashion business, are drawn to fashion companies in search of modern fashions while respecting their religious obligations. This study examined the degree to which hijabi women were content with the design calibre, how it reflected their social and self-identities, and the degree to which they were willing to pay greater costs for certain fashion names. To achieve this, Hijabi women (n=198) were given structured online surveys, and the data were analyzed using SmartPLS Software. The findings show that hijabistas' willingness to pay higher costs is significantly influenced by the trendy nature of the design and how it reflects their social identities, which prominently express their religious responsibilities and commitments. The study's findings have significant ramifications for the fashion industry's ability to handle opportunities in the growing market for hijabistas' products and to satisfy their needs as consumers of fashion.

This study investigates the interaction effects of framing messages and social cause-related marketing on support intentions in crowdfunding campaign message narratives. Hypothesis were tested first by using 430 samples in an independent-samples t-test. The mean value difference demonstrates that the social cause-related marketing (SCRM) project (mean = 3.784) has a significantly bigger effect on backing intention than the non-SCRM project (mean = 3.012). This supports the study hypothesis that individuals involved in SCRM crowdfunding have a higher backing intention than those who are not involved. The results further indicated significantly greater backing intentions with social cause-related marketing positive framing messages than negative attribute framing messages without cause-related marketing, whereas there was no significant difference between negative attribute framing messages with social cause-related marketing. This finding provides new insights for project initiators for using crowdfunding platforms for a social marketing campaign.

The purpose of this study is to figure out the role of corporate governance in competitive industries and its impact along with product market competition on firm’s value. The sample of this study is obtained from the PSX-100 index, containing fifty-two non-financial firms from 2009 to 2018. This study documents the complementary association between competition in the product market and governance mechanisms. It concludes that good governance in Pakistani firms improves the value of the firm only in highly competitive industries, largely through mitigating the agency problem of empire-building. These findings are robust by employing alternate measures of sample division, firm governance structure, regression specifications, and ownership structure. Policymakers are required to focus governance policies mainly on the firms in highly competitive industries to get maximum progress. Moreover, they also need to improve anti-trust laws to increase the level of competition in all industries in the context of Pakistan.

This study aims to investigate the moderating influence of accounting standards on the relationship between corporate governance and accounting conservatism in the financial statements of firms in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A sample of the seventy most active nonfinancial firms for the period 2009-2021 is used for hypothesis testing. The corporate governance mechanisms used in this study cover ownership structure, and board characteristics. Data of relevant variables have been obtained from the open door for all, PSX, and sites of SBP. Panel data methodology has been employed to ensure the influence of corporate governance on conservatism in presence of accounting standards used as a moderator. The findings of the first model (direct effect) in this study indicate that managerial ownership, Institutional ownership, board attendance, board independence, and board diversity have a significant positive association whereas, foreign ownership has a negative significant relationship with conservatism. The findings of the second model (moderating effect) show that accounting standards positively moderate the nexus of corporate governance and conservatism. The study's findings are significant for a think tank that develops policies for the corporate sector in Pakistan to focus on governance, conservative accounting principles, and accounting standards for discouraging agency problems and information asymmetry.