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Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens. Community infections by these organisms have been also reported and were associated with previous intestinal colonization. We aimed to characterize cefotaxime‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CTX‐R‐En) isolated from hospitalized children in a Tunisian paediatric ward. Seventy CTX‐R‐En isolates were collected from 227 rectal swabs from hospitalized children in a paediatric ward. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined according to the EUCAST guidelines. Isolates were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, genes encoding: ESBLs, pAmpC, carbapenemases, plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance, virulence factors in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, occurrence of classes 1 and 2 integrons, phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates, ERIC‐PCR and PCR‐based replicon typing) and conjugal transfer experiments. In total, 65 out of 227 (28·6%) hospitalized children were colonized with CTX‐M‐R‐En, and 70 isolates were identified. Isolates were 59 ESBL‐, 7 plasmidic‐AmpC (pAmpC)‐, 3 ESBL+pAmpC‐, and one ESBL+carbapenemase producers. The following bla genes were identified: blaCTX‐M‐15 (n = 54), blaCTX‐M‐1 (n = 5), blaCTX‐M‐9 (n = 2), blaCTX‐M‐13 (n = 1) and blaCTX‐M‐14 (n = 1), blaCMY‐2 (n = 5), blaCMY‐4 (n = 4), blaACC‐1 (n = 1) and blaOXA‐48 (n = 1). Our results showed that hospitalized children were colonized with various CTX‐R‐En‐producing several beta‐lactamase enzymes.

This paper, focuses on model predictive control (MPC) problem with fault-tolerance capabilities is formulated within the hybrid systems framework In particular Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) approach is considered. It allows to model the hybrid systems involved continuous, discrete dynamics and constraints. The changes or the switches which may appear over such dynamics are modeled by using the auxiliary variables taking into account the interconnections. In this work, we proposed a reconfiguration control approach based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework. A fault MLD model is also proposed. The main contribution of this paper consists in the investigation of a new method for fault tolerant control used the MLD model. The proposed formulation is illustrated by considering a two tank system benchmark.

No abstract

This paper proposes and discusses a model predictive control approach to hybrid system, with discrete and continuous inputs. The hybrid model of two tank system is translated into mixed logical dynamical (MLD) form, which considering all constraints in the physical plant, such as maximum (flow in the pomp) and maximum level in the tank. The resultant system is well-posed for Model Predictive Control (MPC) that is used as control strategy for the system. Simulations are performed using the Hysdel compiler to illustrate the efficiently of this formalism and prove the influence of increasing the prediction horizon.