Environments with a climatic characteristic of semi-aridity exhibit high rainfall variability, increasing significantly as the climate changes. In this study, rainfall concentration and Spatiotemporal trends in annual and seasonal (November to March) rainfall in Botswana were analyzed. The satellite data is obtained from the Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management and the Climate Toolbox. The Mann-Kendall trend test (MK), autocorrelation function (ACF), relative percentage change (RPC), precipitation concentration index (PCI), and Theil-Sen's slope estimator (β) methods were adopted for data analysis. The regions include Gaborone, Maun, Francistown, Serowe, Kasane, Tsabong, Ghanzi, and Pandamatenga. The results indicated that the magnitude of change of change of the significant downward trends in the annual rainfall was found to be -1.11 mm/year at Maun, -1.62 mm/year at Ghanzi, -0.33 mm/year at Pandamatenga, and -0.25 mm/year at Tsabong. The magnitude of change of change of the significant downward trends in the seasonal rainfall was between -0.60 mm/year at Pandamatenga and -0.19 mm/year at Tsabong. All these regions, except Ghanzi, experienced a downward trend in the rainfall distribution. This is owing to the synoptic characteristic of the below-average geopotential heights over Ghanzi. Which might exacerbate the formation of convective systems, leading to a positive rainfall trend at Ghanzi. The annual calculated PCI values are divided into three classes; PCI>10≤15, PCI>16≤20, and PCI>20. The Mann-Kendall analysis of the PCI values indicates that all the regions experienced a downward rainfall trend, implying that it is heading toward a uniform to a moderate distribution. There were distinct patterns that emerged from the Pandamatenga region, indicating a strongly irregular distribution. The regions of Kasane, Maun and Francistown, demonstrated moderate to an irregular distribution. For Gaborone and Francistown, results showed occurrences of a moderate to strongly irregular distribution.

Water supply sustainability is related to our daily life and a very important issue and related for every people around the north part of Iraq. The NPI's water resources are in jeopardy. Climate change is evident in the region, and it is predicted to reduce output. The Tigris River and its tributaries, the Greater and Little Zab Rivers, as well as the Sirwan River. Extreme weather has afflicted the NPI over the last decade, ranging from droughts to torrential rainfall. For decades, water infrastructure has been neglected, environmental standards protecting water quality have been ignored, and water has been squandered due to overconsumption. In addition, the NPI's neighbours Turkey and Iran have been building a slew of dams on rivers that the NPI relies on. Some of these have the potential to have a significant impact on the Tigris flow into NPI. The water discharge of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers is expected to drop by half in the next decade, according to the UNDP. The KRG's strategic goal is to build a significant number of dams across its territory, with the goal of storing water for irrigation and hydroelectric generation, to combat climate change, upstream dam construction, and mismanagement. Annual income for water in NPI is 28 billion meter cube but more than 20 billion meter cube was waste without benefit for water supply in general (95%) of this water was discharge without any using in for agricultural, industrial sector and domestic water supply. About the water production rate fee in NPI by Kurdistan region government (KRG) for water supply around (57400 $) every day. Water production for one day is (1.874 Million meter cubic per day) and (70 Million meters cubic per month). All of the people are responsible on their site for using water on preserving it in the rate in the region they leaving because it fact other regions.

According to country's war conditions, lack of efficient infrastructure and modern waste management system, municipal solid wastes became one of the significant sources of pollution and environmental issues in Iraq. That is estimated to produce 31,000 tons of solid waste every day in Iraq, that huge number will lead to cause public health problem and damage natural resourses. Proper method management system should apply to reduce municipal solid waste production and get benefit through organized plan for reuse of material that can be recycled to other services to creating a sustainable and developed country. For achieving such goal proper municipal waste management strategy from collection, transporting, reusing, reduction, disposal and life cycle assessment are required. The study represents a brief history about waste management issues, that are facing us due to the rapid increasing amount of municipal solid wastes. Therefore, the study recommends to use methods of waste treatment such composting, recycling in order to reduce the amount of waste that are taken to the landfills .Also improve more environmental awareness