Background: The difficulty of assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic response preoperatively may hinder personalized-medicine strategies that depend on the results from pathological examination. Methods: A total of 191 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma (HOS) were enrolled retrospectively from November 2013 to November 2017 and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). A cutoff time of November 2016 was used to divide the training set and validation set. All patients underwent diagnostic CTs before and after chemotherapy. By quantifying the tumor regions on the CT images before and after NCT, 540 delta-radiomic features were calculated. The interclass correlation coefficients for segmentations of inter/intra-observers and feature pair-wise correlation coefficients (Pearson) were used for robust feature selection. A delta-radiomics signature was constructed using the lasso algorithm based on the training set. Radiomics signatures built from single-phase CT were constructed for comparison purpose. A radiomics nomogram was then developed from the multivariate logistic regression model by combining independent clinical factors and the delta-radiomics signature. The prediction performance was assessed using area under the ROC curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results:The delta-radiomics signature showed higher AUC than single-CT based radiomics signatures in both training and validation cohorts. The delta-radiomics signature, consisting of 8 selected features, showed significant differences between the pathologic good response (pGR) (necrosis fraction ≥90%) group and the non-pGR (necrosis fraction < 90%) group (P < 0.0001, in both training and validation sets). The delta-radiomics nomogram, which consisted of the delta-radiomics signature and new pulmonary metastasis during chemotherapy showed good calibration and great discrimination capacity with AUC 0.871 (95% CI, 0.804 to 0.923) in the training cohort, and 0.843 (95% CI, 0.718 to 0.927) in the validation cohort. The DCA confirmed the clinical utility of the radiomics model. Conclusion:The delta-radiomics nomogram incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical factors in this study could be used for individualized pathologic response evaluation after chemotherapy preoperatively and help tailor appropriate chemotherapy and further treatment plans.

The mechanical outcomes of patients with pelvic bone tumors involving zone I or zone I + IV who received resection and different reconstructions are not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of different rod-screw systems in reconstruction for these patients, and evaluate the relative risk of mechanical failure for them. We reviewed 30 patients for a mean duration of 40.4 months of follow-up (range, 13.1–162.2 months), five patients had mechanical complications. The mechanical survival rate of two-rod and four-screw (TRFS) group was significantly higher than one-rod and two-screw (ORTS) group (p = 0.000). The implant survival rate was correlated with ages (p = 0.010), younger people are more likely to fail. Thus, TRFS fixation for pelvic reconstruction after Enneking type I/I + IV resection can provide better short to long-term mechanical stability compared with ORTS fixation, the strength of ORTS fixation is not enough. In addition, biological reconstruction such as autologous bone graft is recommended for the patients who are younger or suffered from benign tumor. As for the patients who are older, with malignant tumors, underwent adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, functional reconstruction with bone cement is a good choice.

Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, and long-term chronic inflammation leads to airway remodeling. But the potential regulatory mechanism of airway remodeling is not clearly understood, and there is still no effective way to prevent airway remodeling. Present studies have confirmed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of disease, which is known as suppressing translation or degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA) at the posttranscriptional stage. In this study, we described the role of miRNA-133a in asthma and demonstrated it in regulating airway remodeling of asthma through the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by targeting IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R helps in mediating the intracellular signaling cascades. Asthmatic mice models were established by sensitization and Ovalbumin challenge. Adenovirus transfer vector carrying miR-133a or miR-133a sponge sequence was used to build the overexpression or downexpression of miR-133a modeling. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to determine the alterations in the expression of miR-133a and mRNAs and their corresponding proteins. Results showed that miR-133a was downregulated in asthma. Upregulation of miR-133a expression in airway smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro could inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and reduce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), indicating that airway remodeling was inhibited. Functional studies based on luciferase reporter revealed miR-133a as a direct target of IGF1R mRNA. In conclusion, these data suggested that miR-133a regulated the expression of α-SMA through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by targeting IGF1R. miR-133a plays a key role in airway remodeling of asthma and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for managing asthmatic airway remodeling.

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Target therapy for highly heterogeneous cancers represents a major clinical challenge due to the lack of recurrent therapeutic targets identified in these tumors. Herein, the authors report a tumor‐customized targeting photothermal therapy (PTT) strategy for highly heterogeneous cancers, by which 2D supramolecular self‐assembled nanodiscs are modified with tumor‐specific binding peptides identified by phage display techniques. Taking osteosarcoma (OS) as a model heterogeneous cancer, an OS targeting peptide (OTP) is first selected after biopanning and is demonstrated to successfully bind to this heterogeneous cancer cells/tissues. Successful conjugation of OTP to heptamethine cyanine (Cy7)‐based 2D nanodiscs Cy7‐TCF (2‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethyl‐2,5‐dihydrofuran,TCF) enables the 2D nanodiscs to specifically target the heterogeneous tumor. Notably, a single dose injection of this targeted nanodisc (T‐ND) not only effectively induces enhanced photothermal tumor ablation under near‐infrared light, but also exhibits sevenfold increase of tumor retention time (more than 24 days) compared to generic nanomedicine. Thus, the authors’ findings suggest that the combination of phage display‐based affinity peptides selection and 2D supramolecular nanodiscs leads to the development of a platform technology for highly heterogeneous cancers precise therapy, offering specific tumor targeting, ultralong tumor retention, and precise PTT.